DOMESTIC FLEET OF ICEBREAKERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTHEN SEA ROUTE

In this article the basic stages of development of Russian icebreaker fleet. The history of the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Every year the volume of traffic on the NSR increases. Consequently, the growing need for icebreaking fleet. The key role played by nuclear-powered icebreaker. This type of icebreaker remains indispensable in the Arctic since the middle of last century, when the water was lowered first nuclear-powered icebreaker in the world "Lenin". After, it was put into operation a series of atomic icebreakers of "Arctic", consisting of the 6 icebreakers,
the last of which was launched in 2008 ( "50 Years of Victory"). Also in parallel was built 2 nuclear-powered icebreaker in cooperation with Finland in the late '80s and early' 90s ("Taimyr", "Vaigach"). The maximum turnover rate of NSR has fallen once again at this time. Nowadays, nuclear icebreakers decommissioned, and is currently in service is 4 atomic icebreaker, plus one in reserve. This amount is reduced by half in ten years. In this regard, it was decided to build a new series of nuclear-powered icebreakers 22220 project, consisting of three icebreakers. The first icebreaker is scheduled to pull in 2018. But, considering that with the increase in traffic and the growing size of the cargo vessels, the size of icebreakers also have to increase. For this purpose is the development of "Leader" project, which will have a width of about 50 meters and a total capacity of 120 MW. This project will allow for vessels with a deadweight of over 100,000 tons. and more.