Global Experience in Improving Food Security through the Integration of Blockchain and IoT Technologies in Food Supply Chain Management

Introduction. Control of food supply chains in both domestic and international logistics is one of the most important tools for improving food security. The purpose of the study is to analyze the world experience of creating traceability systems for food supply chains in the context of food security and to assess the prospects for the development of systems in the context of digital technologies.
Materials and methods. Publications of scientific journals, materials of regulatory literature in the field of quality control and safety of food products and raw materials for their production were used. The methods of comparative analysis, content analysis, case study were used.
Results. A comparative analysis of the development of the legal framework for the introduction of blockchain technologies in the field of monitoring food chains was carried out. The following trends were identified: inclusion of automation issues, the use of blockchain and the Internet of Things in quality management standards, mandatory compliance with standard requirements. The experience of practical implementation of projects for creating blockchain-based systems in certain sectors of food production was studied (supplies of fresh products to Walmart, supplies of fruits and vegetables in the European Union, supply chains of coffee and cocoa, tea, etc.) The article assesses the implementation of the traceability concept in Russia: Russian control systems are created in accordance with the requirements of international and national standards for quality management and food safety, and cover individual product categories. Traceability in internal logistics and in deliveries between the EAEU countries is implemented through the use of labeling, electronic documentation, electronic seals, and GPS.
Discussion. Key innovations in national regulatory documents can be considered the basis for implementing the traceability concept, since participation in supply chains now requires companies not only to comply with product safety and quality standards and disclose relevant information, but also to be obliged to integrate into supply chains by implementing technologies.
Conclusion. The implementation of blockchain-based systems is represented by pilot projects within individual categories of food products, but one can expect the spread of blockchain practice, as the IT solutions market in this area is growing. The implementation of the idea of international cooperation to create systems at the global level with a wide range of participants faces political, economic, and technological problems. However, in the future, we can expect further expansion of the use of blockchain and the Internet of Things and the transition to the level of international supply chains with a wider geography.