Introduction. The research is devoted to the analysis of the role of profound changes that occurred in Russian society as a result of the completion of the industrial revolution in the 1890s and the growth of entrepreneurial activity in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The development of Russian entrepreneurial unions became an important factor in the process of industrialization of the country, allowing both to improve the position of entrepreneurs within society and to influence the socio-economic policy of the state. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the social and political context, as well as the peculiarities of the interaction of entrepreneurial unions and organizations with the state and business circles.
Methods and materials. The information basis of the study was specialized monographs, scientific publications, as well as documents from historical archives. The results obtained using analytical, systemic and structural methods, made it possible to study the process of formation of entrepreneurial unions and their influence on the development of Russian industry in the context of legal and social restrictions said historical period.
Results. It was revealed that cooperation between state institutions and entrepreneurs contributed to the growth of national industry, despite the existing trend towards bureaucratization and restriction of entrepreneurial freedom. It is emphasized that against the background of social tension and the prevalence of the agrarian way of life, contradictions between different socio-political groups persisted, which complicated the process of industrialization. While industrialists sought to improve their status and create professional associations, they faced mistrust and antagonism from officials and the public.
Discussion. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the historical experience of the "pre-revolutionary business community of Russia" should be applied to the formation of modern entrepreneurial associations. The role of entrepreneurship and the problems of its interaction with the state is of great importance for the economic development of Russia.
Conclusion. Practical recommendations are offered for the development of entrepreneurial unions in modern conditions and their productive interaction with the state. The need for coordination of the private and public sectors in the industrial sphere is emphasized.