Russian Energy Map Changes under the Background of 2022: Take Turkish Stream as an Example

In 2021, Russia was the world's largest natural gas exporter, with 74% of its natural gas exports going to Europe, and the European region's average dependence on Russian gas reached 41%. With the escalating war with Ukraine and the destruction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, Germany is no longer suited to its role as Europe's energy gateway. In 2022, European Union demand for Russian gas has plummeted and Russia has had to change its energy landscape to find new buyers and transport routes. Turkey is an important consideration for Russia's new energy hub because of its geographical location and the existing Turkish Stream gas pipeline. Under the current international situation, this project has many favorable factors, such as relative security and stability, the corresponding technical level and the support of relevant member states, but it also has to face unfavorable factors such as the sanctions of the United States and the threat of war. At the same time, Russia should also pay more attention to the geopolitical game between Europe, Russia, America and Turkey behind the energy pipeline.