PROBLEMS OF A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REINDEER BREEDING IN THE YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS AREA

In article actual problems of reindeer breeding in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area at the present stage of development of the region are considered that is extremely important for understanding of prospects of a sustainable development of the indigenous ethnic groups of the North leading a nomadic life. On the basis of the carried-out analysis the main problems of reindeer breeding connected with exhaustion of food supply of cervine pastures in a tundra natural zone of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area and excess оленепоголовья over an admissible oleneemkost of pastures are revealed. Besides, the reasons of intensive growth of number of domestic deer, both in private, and in collective farms are established, extent of influence of industrial development of the region on cervine pastures is shown, the structure of management of reindeer-breeding farms is analysed, the reasons of mass death of domestic deer in 2013-2014 are shown, about and evidence-based offers on preservation and development of branch are also developed.
On the basis of the conducted research, the author offers to distribute fairly all suitable cervine pastures between reindeer breeders of private enterprises and the reindeer-breeding enterprises in strict dependence on an oleneemkost of pastures and number of the reindeer breeders occupied in branch and to control on use of cervine pastures. Besides it is offered to develop taiga reindeer breeding by the state support of the native population, first of all, regarding construction of fences. According to the author, these measures will allow to lower load of cervine pastures, and in the future to minimize consequences of emergency situations in reindeer breeding.