Russia in the Global World

RAR RUS 7-20 Belarusian-Russian University Vologina Natalia V. nvshel@mail.ru 6603404917 0000-0002-0095-8986 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Pogodin Sergey pogodin_sn@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

China's Participation in the International Arctic Research Organization China's attention to the Arctic has increased significantly in recent decades due to a number of factors: vast mineral reserves, new sea routes, and the launch of international research campaigns. The latter factor provides legitimacy to China's entrenchment in the Arctic as a major power. The Chinese government has increased funding for scientific research in the region on an annual basis, as well as incentivising an additional number of researchers working on the Arctic issue. The government pays special attention to China's active participation in international organizations aimed at studying the Arctic. Cooperation with international organisations was initiated in 1996, when China joined the International Arctic Scientific Committee, and in 2013 joined the Arctic Council as an observer. Over the years, IASC has become the leading scientific network institute in the Arctic. China takes an active part in the work of the Committee, being the leader in Arctic research among non-Arctic countries. In 2013, the Arctic Circle organization was established. Chinese scientists took an active part in the annual scientific events held by this organization. In 2013, the People's Republic of China received the permanent observer status in the Arctic Council. China is actively engaged in the work with the University of the Arctic. This is an international project that unites scientific institutes, research organizations, and universities. The China-Scandinavian Arctic Research Center was organized in Shanghai in 2013. The Arctic has become an important region for the realization of the geopolitical ambitions of the People's Republic of China. Research activities are an important area of this policy. The study shows the sustainability of China's strategic interest in Arctic exploring policy. 10.48612/RG/RGW.27.2.1 327+911.1 Arctic; China’s Arctic policy; International Arctic Scientific Committee; Arctic Council; international cooperation https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.1/ 01_VologinaNV.pdf

RAR RUS 21-46 Lazareva Varvara lazareva2.vd@edu.spbstu.ru Akhtiamova Azaliia ahtyamova.am@edu.spbstu.ru Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Rakhmatullina Regina namelessregina@gmail.com

Saint Petersburg, Russia

The Interests of the South Asian Strategic Triangle India – Pakistan – China in the Kashmir Conflict The Kashmiri conflict touches upon many aspects, such as the struggle for control of the territory, active military action, the use of nuclear weapons, as well as religious differences and the economic and ecological interests of the parties. The study is aimed at analyzing the national interests of India, Pakistan and China in Kashmir. The conflict between India and Pakistan today involves many aspects, such as: struggle for control over this territory, active military actions, use of nuclear weapons, as well as religious differences. The People's Republic of China, in turn, claims ownership of Kashmir's resources, seeks ways to realize its political and economic interests in South Asia, and takes part in the competition for influence in the region. The study focuses on the main directions of interests in the India-Pakistan-China triangle. The analysis of domestic and foreign sources and literature has shown that this conflict is widely discussed in the scientific community, but a consolidated comprehensive picture of the situation has not been formed. The research used a number of methods consisting of classification, comparative analysis, description and logical-intuitive analysis. The study identifies the territorial, geostrategic, military and economic ambitions of each country, and examined the relationship between the parties, their differences and priorities regarding national security, the use of nuclear weapons and regional stability. In addition, the authors establish new patterns of rivalry between India, Pakistan and China defined by contemporary geopolitical processes, describe the religious contradictions of the parties, and examine the individual ways of realizing state interests in different directions and the current stage of conflict in the territory. In addition, the main political, economic and military directions of each state's interests are identified, namely the desire of each side to establish control over the territory and gain access to natural resources, as well as the defense of its borders. The significance of this study is to provide a list of areas of interests of the countries of the South Asian strategic triangle, which will allow to assess and improve the effectiveness of ways to resolve the Kashmir conflict in order to prevent the potential threat of a new world war. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.2 327.5+94 geopolitics; India; Pakistan; People's Republic of China; territorial disputes; nuclear weapons; ethno-confessional situation https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.2/ 02_Lazareva_V_D.pdf

RAR RUS 47-79 0000-0003-3910-1223 The Saint Petersburg Electoral Commission Shapchits Pavel A. shaptchits@gmail.com On the Registration of Public Ownership of Archaeological Heritage Sites Archaeological heritage sites are the most vulnerable cultural heritage sites, but for 20 years no official registration of public ownership of these sites has been carried out. This makes it difficult to enact security obligations of legal owners of these sites and carry out conservation works. The study focuses at the obligation to register public ownership of cultural heritage sites, including archaeological heritage sites. The purpose of the study is to identify shortcomings of the existing legal regulation that have caused non-compliance with certain norms and non-registration of public ownership of archaeological heritage sites, and to propose ways to resolve the problem. The data for study are the norms of federal laws of the Russian Federation and subordinate acts regulating the procedure of public ownership registration pertaining to archaeological heritage sites, as well as the legal views of executive bodies. The analyzed norms include definitional norms (“cultural heritage site”, “archaeological heritage site”, “real estate property”), norms regulating the civil legal status of an archaeological heritage site and the land plot underneath it, as well as norms regulating interdepartmental interaction in the area under consideration. For the first time, administrative and judicial practice on the topic of research is being introduced into scholarly discourse. The main research method is a systematic, logical and linguistic interpretation of norms, general logical methods, and thought experiments. It is substantiated that all archaeological heritage sites are real estate properties. It has been demonstrated that the current Russian Federation’s legislation requires the registration of public ownership of all archaeological heritage sites. Situational and regulatory factors that impede the registration of public ownership of archaeological heritage sites have been identified. Proposals have been formulated to improve existing regulation. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.3 347.234.7+349.412.2+502.8+902.2 cultural heritage site; archaeological heritage site; archaeological object; public property; state registration of ownership; Unified State Register of Real Property https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.3/ 03_ShapchitsPA.pdf

RAR RUS 80-98 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Korchagin Vasiliy L. korchagin198014@mail.ru Conditions and Reasons for the Success of European Right-Wing Populist Movements on the Case of the Political Party «Finns Party» One of the most prominent political changes in Europe at the present stage is the successful development of far-right parties, which actively uses populist rhetoric in their politics. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing influence of such parties in the European political space. This process has a significant impact on the policies of individual states, and the study of its causes helps to better understand the specifics of the current state of affairs in the European political sphere. Thus, by tracing in detail the success of a particular political party, it is possible to identify the peculiarities for the course of the pan-European process of a “right-wing turn” in a particular state. The Finnish political party “Finns party”, which is the subject of this study, is one of the typical examples of the modern right-wing movement. At this moment “Finns Party” is one of the most influential actors in Finnish politics, as it possesses real political power. The purpose of this study is the analysis of conditions and causes that led to the successful development of the “True Finns” political party in the context of the European “right-wing turn”. The achievement of this aim came through the use of methods of analysis and induction. The program documents of the «Finns party» and statements of its political leaders were studied. Also, for a comprehensive study of the political phenomenon of the “right-wing turn”, the historical method was used. As a result, the study revealed the conditions and reasons led to the rise of European right-wing populist movements. The study also analyzed the topics that held key positions in the ideology and rhetoric of the “True Finns” party. Furthermore, the study researched the actions the “True Finns” party proposed to solve the relevant social and political issues in Finland. Moreover, the study investigated, which aspects had the most influence for the electorate of the right-wing political movements in Finland. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.4 32.019.5+323.21 populism; Finland; right-wing populism; Euroscepticism; immigration https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.4/ 04_KorchaginVA.pdf

RAR RUS 99-116 Momotiuk Saveliy sava_Sava_mew@mail.ru 0000-0002-8604-7306 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Bogdanova Nadezhda vbogdanova@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Mechanisms of State Support for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Germany The study of mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized businesses in the Federal Republic of Germany is of particular interest due to the fact that this sector plays an important role for the economic growth of the state. The characteristics of government programs for regulating small and medium-sized businesses is the key problem of the study. The sources of study are government and financial programs, private initiatives of associations of German entrepreneurs, forms of activity of private investment funds to stimulate small and medium-sized businesses in Germany. The theoretical basis was made up of scientific works in the field of analysis of experience, mechanisms of state support in foreign countries, problems and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses by German and Russian authors. The article describes a number of government programs and laws that influenced the development of this business sector, the activities of state or non-state institutions that provide financial support, advice, and legal assistance to entrepreneurs (business centers, technology centers and incubators). The basic principles of organizing and supporting business are considered - the principles of consistency, proportionality, legal certainty. Examples of mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized businesses in Germany are given: benefits and government support measures provided for by law, special grants that support promising startups, etc. Using analytical materials, statistics and scientific publications, the authors examine relevant challenges facing the small and medium-sized enterprise sector, which is considered an important element of the success of the German economy. It brings together small and medium-sized enterprises, which for the most part combine high innovation with the prospect of increasing their positions in the international market and great social responsibility. The practical significance lies in the fact that the described mechanisms for the development of the sector may be relevant for adaptation both in Russia and in other countries. In conclusion, the importance of the role of the state in promoting innovation, mechanisms of state regulation of small and medium-sized businesses for the further economic growth of the country's GDP is emphasized. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.5 327 small and medium-sized businesses state system of incentives for small businesses state support for small businesses lending to small businesses tax incentives. https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.5/ 05_MomotiukS_V.pdf

RAR RUS 117-129 Zhan Zesong Zhan Zesong 2021071096@email.szu.edu.cn Opportunities and Challenges in Contemporary China – Japan – South Korea Cooperation: The Cultural Aspect As the three major economies in Northeast Asia, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea play a crucial role in promoting regional cooperation in Northeast Asia. The effectiveness of regional cooperation needs to be based on mutual trust through culture, and the cultural characteristics of different countries can reflect the political and economic relations between different countries, and at the same time also play a role in the establishment of cooperation mechanisms in different countries. China, Japan, and South Korea are geographically close to each other, with similar cultural characteristics and rapid development of cultural industries, each of which has formed its own unique cultural advantages. Under the support of the concept of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to build a community of common destiny for mankind, promoting cultural cooperation between China, Japan, and South Korea, achieving cultural tolerance and cultural identity among the economies will be conducive to deepening regional cooperation among China, Japan, and South Korea. Therefore, it will significantly enhance the effect of regional cooperation. This paper will analyze the cultural foundation of the regional cooperation mechanism between China, Japan, and South Korea from the perspective of their cultural commonnesses and cultural differences, and at the same time point out the potential opportunities and challenges that China faces in cultural cooperation, so as to provide new perspectives for advancing multicultural identity and tolerance, and deepening cultural, political and economic cooperation. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.6 327+94 Northeast Asia; regional cooperation; cultural cooperation; Belt and Road initiative; cultural tolerance https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.6/ 06_Zhan-Zesong.pdf

RAR RUS 130-149 0000-0003-4553-6135 Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences Lofichenko Olga ms.lofichenko@mail.ru

North Ossetia-Alania, Russia

Role of Educational Institutions in the Implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in Russia This study analyzes the activities of universities in the Russian Federation aimed at achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The experience in the field of sustainable development accumulated by Russia and its partners through coordinated work, including on the basis of educational institutions, is considered. The article is not limited to the experience of only metropolitan universities, but also takes into account the activities of educational institutions from the regions of Russia. It is emphasized that educational institutions are of high importance in the context of achieving the SDGs. These institutions are subject to SDG-4 (Quality Education), which is closely linked to many other UN SDG points. At the same time, universities are also considered as centers for coordinating domestic and international activities within the framework of achieving the UN SDGs, which not only indirectly affects the SDGs, but also represents a separate Goal 17 - Partnerships for the Goals. The paper indicates current challenges and prospects in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Russian Federation and its partners, including through cooperation in the field of education. It was revealed that Russian universities are working in the context of the SDGs in at least four areas, which include educational work, environmental activities, volunteering, and international cooperation. It was found that even under the conditions of sanctions policy, Russian universities are not in academic isolation, but are looking for new opportunities for cross-border cooperation with countries near and far abroad. The novelty of the study is reflected in the following points: the activities of not only leading universities, but also those located in remote regions of the country are considered; work to implement the SDGs is studied comprehensively; modern geopolitical alities are considered. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.7 327.3+378.4 Sustainable Development Goals; SDG 4; International Cooperation; Eliminating Inequality; Quality Education https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.7/ 07_LofichenkoO_P.pdf

RAR RUS 150-166 Byulegenova Bibigul bibigul_bb@mail.ru Shermuhamedova Nigina shermuhamedova_n@mail.ru Turemuratov Olzhas oturemuratov@gmail.com Urbanization Trends in Central Asian Countries: the Development of Agglomerations Over the Years of Independence (2000–2023) According to the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), 2023, today one fifth of the world's population lives in 600 largest cities, accounting for about 60% of global GDP. Rapid urban growth and an increasing urban population create both opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, cities, especially large ones, are becoming centers of economic growth and development, as well as centers of opportunities for people and businesses. On the other hand, urban infrastructure does not always keep pace with the growth of the urban population and its rapidly growing needs, which leads to a deterioration of living conditions in cities and problems such as environmental degradation, lack and poor quality of public services, etc. This can be clearly seen in the example of large megacities in the Asian region. Urbanization is a major challenge for Central Asia, which is a rapidly growing region economically and demographically. At the same time, urban population growth in the region may be higher than expected as a result of structural reforms and other administrative, social and economic factors. The research is based on the study of demographic indicators of Central Asian countries according to the World Bank and the Center for Economic Research. The degree of urbanization and development of agglomerations was assessed using a comparative analysis. Institutional theory approaches were used to study typical patterns and distinctive features of urbanization dynamics in Central Asia. While maintaining the current trends of demographic growth, migration, administrative-territorial and economic transformations in the Central Asian countries, population growth in rural and urban areas (primarily in small and medium-sized ones) will continue. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of population, production and cultural life of cities is expected. The continued influx of people into cities will lead to the territorial expansion of cities and the emergence of natural agglomerations. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.8 314.044 agglomeration; urbanization; city; region; economy; population; migration https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.8/ 08_ByulegenovaBB.pdf

BRV RUS 167-178 0000-0002-9848-0035 Saint Petersburg State University Konovalova-Alkhimenkova Kseniya k.konovalova@spbu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

To the South from South America This material provides a review of the new monograph «The Antarctic. Global agenda and the interests of Latin American nations» (2023) on the topic of the Antarctic presence of Latin American nations, prepared by a team of Russian academics. The review describes the content of the work, evaluates its main provisions and conclusions, and the methods used. It is shown that the issue of the participation of Latin American states in international effort concerning Antarctica is indeed relevant and, at the same time, little developed, and the reviewed book reveals it at once systematically and in detail, based on multifactorial and multilevel analysis. The study places great emphasis on the basics of the international legal status of Antarctica, provides an overview of national Antarctic programs and strategies, and also pays attention to the technical basis for the latter (the state of the Antarctic fleets of the Latin American countries). While highly appreciating the fundamental work of the authors’ collective, the reviewer highlights a number of points that, in her opinion, have not received sufficient coverage in the monograph. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.9 327 Latin America; Antarctic; Antarctic Treaty System; Foreign Policy; International Law; National Interests; Antarctic Politics https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.9/ 09_Konovalova_KA.pdf

UNK RUS 179-191 Shkatova Elena ea1974@mail.ru 0000-0003-3410-3430 Northeastern State University Ponkratova Irina ponkratova1@yandex.ru

Magadan, Russia

0000-0003-2441-7284 Lebedeva Lubov lebedeva.lubov.magadan@yandex.ru The Arctic – Natural Conditions and Cultural Adaptations at the End of the Pleistocene – Holocene (All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference) On March, 2024, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference «The Arctic – natural conditions and cultural adaptations at the end of the Pleistocene – Holocene» was held in Magadan. The geography of the participants is represented by the cities of Russia: Magadan, St. Petersburg, Salekhard, Vladivostok, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yakutsk, Blagoveshchensk, Novosibirsk, etc. Scientific discoveries in the field of archaeology, ethnography, geology, genetics, as well as the peculiarities of the influence of the natural environment and its changes on historical processes in the Arctic, the relationship between the Russian and aboriginal population, the development of tourism in the northern region, etc. were discussed. The conference was organized by the scientific department of the Northeastern State University with the participation of the Government of the Magadan Region, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, the Educational Creative Association of Culture (Magadan), the Magadan Regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society. The scientific part of the conference was organized around 3 thematic sections: "Historical and cultural heritage of the Arctic, Siberia and the Far East", "Scientific research of the Arctic, indigenous peoples of the Arctic and the problem of their sustainable development, tourism in the Arctic", "Science in the research of the young people". The conference demonstrated the commonality of approaches aimed at strengthening cooperation between Russian scientists in the field of studying historical and cultural heritage, preserving the natural environment and traditions of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. The results of the research presented at the conference are of great scientific and practical importance for the development of strategies for the development of the region’s resources. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.2.10 902+39+575+55+338.482.224 Arctic Siberia and Far East; historical and cultural heritage; archaeology; ethnography; genetics; geology; indigenous peoples; arctic tourism. https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.28.10/ 10_ShkatovaE_A.pdf