Russia in the Global World

RAR RUS 7-23 Shenzhen University LI China's 'Three Global Initiatives' within the Framework of the 'Community of Shared Future for Mankind' Concept The global geopolitical and geo-economics’ situation is rapidly deteriorating, posing risks and challenges to development, security, and global governance. Ongoing hostilities threaten regional and global security, hinder human development, and cause irreversible damage. The concept of the Community of Shared Future for Mankind reflects China's commitment to a peaceful and mutually beneficial environment, offering a framework and practical measures to address international issues. The Community of Shared Future represents the direction for global development, aiming for common prosperity, sustainable peace, and mutual learning among civilizations. The paper examines three global initiatives of China in the development, security and civilisation fields, with an emphasis on the issue of strategic leadership in the realisation of the the "Community of Shared Future". Inductive and synthetic research methods are applied to uncover the facts, starting from the preconditions of world development and moving on to the need for a global conceptual framework and practical ways to realise it. The study shows that implementing the three global initiatives is strategically crucial for creating a Global Community of Shared Future. The basic principles, central vision and practical way of implementing the three initiatives were examined. The Global Development Initiative promotes commonness, cooperation, inclusiveness, openness, and innovation. The Global Security Initiative addresses the common security needs of the international community. The Global Civilization Initiative showcases China's willingness to engage with the world community, promoting equality, mutual appreciation, dialogue, and understanding of different civilizations. The findings indicate that the three global initiatives complement each other in achieving lasting peace, universal security, shared prosperity, openness, inclusivity, purity, and virtue. The initiatives furthered the conceptual framework for building a Community of Shared Future and demonstrated practical options for modernisation and development in addressing contemporary global challenges and promoting pluralistic models of global governance. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.1 327 China's Political Philosophy; China's Diplomacy; Shared Future for Mankind; Global Development Initiative; Global Security Initiative; Global Civilization Initiative https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.1/ 01_Li-Tszinchen.pdf

RAR RUS 24-38 Zvereva Irina irina.zvereva.03@mail.ru Provotorova Maria 13mar603@gmail.com Contemporary Conditions and Prospects for Energy Cooperation between Russia and Germany The relevance of this study is determined by the conditions of integration and co-operation that have emerged on the European continent, leaving Russia largely isolated from other advanced countries. Therefore, the perspectives for the development of cooperation in the energy sector between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany are discussed within the framework of constantly changing developments in the international arena, primarily in the field of gas co-operation. The last aspect directly affects the economies of both countries, leads to instability and causes crises. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the most important factors affecting gas relations between Russia and Germany, as well as the prospects of gas co-operation and their transformation, taking into account the problems that have emerged on the basis of statistical analysis. The study has revealed that there are not only arguments against further gas interaction, but also those in favor of it. The outcome in this case will presumably be a long-term suspension of relations until the Ukrainian conflict is resolved. This is the most important problem, which creates additional difficulties in the Russian-German dialogue. Some of them include the start of active construction of LNG terminals in Germany for other supplying countries; Germany's desire to make a "green transition" in the energy sector; Russia's response in the form of laws restricting gas supplies to German companies; and the strong influence of the EU and the US on the FRG. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that the study is based on actual statistical data on the energy interaction between Germany and the Russian Federation over the past few years and the main reasons for the existing conflict between the two countries with their discussion, which allow us to make an assumption about whether and when energy cooperation between Russia and Germany will be restored. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.2 327 Germany's gas dependence; the resumption of energy cooperation between Germany and the Russian Federation; the fuel and energy sector; energy and economic relations; energy turnaround https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.2/ 02_Zvereva-IV.pdf

RAR RUS 39-54 CHIMAROV Fil Ksenia ksenia_fil@bk.ru Prospects for the Implementation of the Roerich Pact on the Territory of the CIS Member States The search for new solutions of preserving the objects that constitute the treasure of national and world culture is on the agenda of international law in the context of contemporary global problems and taking into account the geopolitical changes of the 21st century, oriented towards the redistribution of the established world order through the use of military force and interethnic clashes. In this regard, appealing to the subject field of protecting the historical and cultural heritage of each nation individually and on a universal scale as a whole seems to be an extremely important and undoubtedly urgent task of scientific research. The above has a strong coupling with the need to conduct a more in-depth study of the array of organizational and legal instruments aimed at ensuring the safety of cultural monuments. The Roerich Pact, many provisions of which were further developed in the 1954 Hague Convention, provided an accumulated toolkit for the solution of a number of protective tasks in relation to cultural objects. At the regional level, the relevance of addressing the preservation of objects belonging to the historical and cultural heritage is predetermined by the process of centrifugal movement of individual states formed on the territory of the former unified union state (USSR) and moving in accordance with national doctrines on national sovereignty towards strengthening their identity. This circumstance indicates the advisability of including on the agenda the issue of the prospect of adapting the provisions of the Roerich Pact on the territory of the CIS member states to the current state of their interstate interaction, which corresponds to solving the problem of providing guarantees for maintaining in proper form the objects of historical and cultural heritage created in that region, including the joint work of various representatives from among the multinational Soviet people. In our opinion, the reconsideration of the mentioned problem emphasises the novelty of the presented research and testifies to the special significance of the practical use of the multifaceted field of international humanitarian law, aimed at identifying eventual "points of contact" between different CIS member states in terms of ensuring the preservation of objects of historical and cultural heritage. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.3 341.232.7 historical and cultural heritage; international agreement; international humanitarian law; international responsibility; Hague law https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.3/ 03_CHimarov-N_S_%2C-Fil-K_M.pdf

RAR RUS 55-77 Q-7224-2016 6508050731 0000-0003-4103-7785 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Lbova lbovapnr5@gmail.com

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29

Lyu Shuangshuang lvshuangs821@gmail.com Li Xuechan xchanl099@gmail.com Modern Practices and Strategies for Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in North-Eastern China Cultural traditions and ways of expressing the diversity among the ethnic cultures of northeast China are important not only for the further development of minority nationalities, but also for the formation of overall cultural strategy and tourism economy. Improvement of legislation in the field of preservation and popularization of historical and cultural heritage in China, the government attention to various forms of state support for cultural development, education and tourism policies contributes to the evolution of the legislative framework, promotes the study and preservation of the peoples of China cultural heritage. The proposed study aims at a descriptive analysis of the cultural policies and practices new experiences in the provinces of north-eastern China: Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia. The experience of these provinces demonstrates the development of local legislation, the expansion of work strategies within the framework of cultural strategies for the development of the heritage protection system and its effective usage. It is revealed that the focus on meeting the needs of regional and local communities occupies a central place in the process of implementing the policy for the protection of historical and cultural heritage in the country. The interpretation is based on the hypothesis regarding the sustainability in the preservation of traditional practices through the cultural code of vitality and ancestor worship in the context of the close interdependence between the intangible cultural heritage, historical, cultural and natural heritage. text 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.4 394.2+379.822 historical and cultural heritage; cultural strategies; ritual practices; ethnic minorities; "corporeality code"; shamanism; northeastern regions of China https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.4/

RAR RUS 78-94 AAF-4773-2019 57201187157 0000-0002-7128-857X Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Pozdeeva Elena pozdeeva_eg@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Modern Youth Volunteer Participation as an Extension of Professional and Personal Development The development of volunteer activities among young people is one of the important tasks of the state’s youth policy. New areas of volunteer participation are also emerging, creating a horizon of perspectives for the professional and personal development of young people. The relevance of the young people's opinion survey and their expectations, their readiness for active inclusion in the opening new areas of volunteering application is due to the need to consider the motivation of young people, their needs and self-assessment in order to create conditions for the development of this sphere. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of awareness and determine the priorities of young people in relation to areas of volunteering. Based on the analysis of secondary data and the results of sociological surveys, characteristics of the position of young people in relation to the importance of volunteering in all the diversity of this activity implemented today were obtained, a range of attractive forms and areas of volunteering was identified as a priority, and problem areas were identified. The study used sociological methods of online surveys conducted on a random sample of respondents from among young people; SPbPU students took an active part in the survey. The results obtained made it possible to determine that, along with traditional volunteer practices related to the provision of social assistance, young people are attracted by opportunities to develop their communication and management skills within the framework of event-based, cultural, environmental and digital volunteering. The motivational side is also undergoing a change; the pragmatic motive for acquiring relevant skills and competencies that are in demand in modern economic relations and the requirements of the employment sector sounds more clearly in it. The conclusions obtained in the course of the study are important for improving the sociological study of young people, their new characteristics as a subject in the labor market, as well as in the development of volunteer practices in the process of training in educational organizations in order to obtain relevant professional and personal skills for young people within the framework of mastering educational programs and to strengthen the effectiveness and quality of training in accordance with the new criteria of professional selection. 10.48612/RG/RGW.27.1.5 316.346.32 volunteer activities; the youth; professional skills; personal development; areas of volunteering; motivation; social practices https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.5/ 05_Pozdeeva_E_G.pdf

RAR RUS 95-107 0000-0001-6814-1078 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Wang Mingjun a1069910470@gmail.com 57038703800 0000-0001-7667-0383 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Kalashnikova Natalia P. nerush50@mail.ru Creation and Development of the Sino-Vietnamese «Fan Guangxi Zones» (Political and Historical Aspect) The study of the current stage of Sino-Vietnamese relations is preceded by a comparative analysis of research literature on the special nature of vassal relations, revealing the differences between the positions of China and Vietnam in assessing certain events in history. The proposed research reflects the results of studying the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations within the system of "Fan guanxi zones". The creation of the "Fan Guanxi zones" system was based on Vietnam's tribute payments to China and the approval of the country's leadership by Chinese emperors. There is no consensus in the historical literature when the Sino-Vietnamese relations began, which led to the creation of the system of "phan guanxi zones". Many researchers believe that the Sino-Vietnamese relations of suzerain and vassal began in 939, which implied deprivation and proclamation of title, payment of tribute, which acquired new forms and became more versatile. The system of "Fan guanxi zones" operated between China and Vietnam for more than a thousand years and ceased to exist only after Vietnam became a colony of France in 1885. In conducting the study, the authors used both primary and secondary sources related to the problems under study. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient and often inaccurate information in the international scholarly space, as well as the rapid transitions of Vietnam's political position in the present day, which occur due to the development of relations between China and Vietnam. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.6 327 China; Vietnam; Sino-Vietnamese vassal relations; "Zongfan guanxi zones"; historiography https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.6/ 06_Wang_M.pdf

RAR RUS 108-122 0009-0009-0480-072X Ural Federal University Named after First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Pyannikova Daria pyannikova_daria@mail.ru

Ekaterinburg, Russia

Reformatting the Italian Foreign Policy in the XXI Century: Withdrawal from the Chinese Initiative (BRI) and Joining IMEC The modern world is witnessing an increasing role of international economic associations, which often become a means of fighting for political influence on the world stage. Consequently, it is necessary to realize how different states use the economic relations in rivalry for world domination. The article examines the Chinese BRI initiative and the American-Indian IMEC initiative and their interaction with other countries, using the example of Italy. The paper examined Italian-Chinese relations under China's "One Belt, One Road” Initiative, and revealed the reasons for Italy's withdrawal from BRI. A brief comparative profile between these initiatives is offered, and the Italian-American and Italian-Indian relations and their interaction within IMEC are analyzed. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn: the American-Indian initiative in future may become a counterweight to the Chinese initiative "One Belt, One Road". Italy is guided by political rather than economic realities, pursuing the strategy of its Western neighbors. Italy's stance on implementation of the IMEC new project, its economic and strategic role at the moment is currently under discussion. 10.48612/RG/RGW.27.1.7 327.57 Italian-Chinese relations; Italian-American relations; Italian foreign policy; memorandum of understanding; G20 https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.7/ 07_Pyannikova_D_E.pdf

RAR RUS 123-139 0000-0003-1109-4180 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Guo Shanshan Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA): Development Challenges and Pathways to Reforms The Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) was established in 1992 on the initiative of President Nazarbayev N.A. Over its 30-year history, CICA has provided a platform for dialogue and multilateral cooperation among states from all regions of Asia. During the Summit, Ministerial Council, CSO meetings, as well as expert and working group sessions, participating countries' Heads and government members discuss a broad range of topics related to enhancing economic, social, and cultural cooperation, and promoting peace, security, and stability in the Asian region. The founding documents of CICA, namely the Declaration of Principles Governing Relations between CICA Member States and the Alma-Ata Act, as well as the CICA Charter, have been crucial in the evolution of CICA from an unknown forum to a significant platform for security cooperation and dialogue in the Asian region. CICA has demonstrated great potential and broad development prospects. In the current regional security environment, it is necessary to implement a reasonable reform path, make appropriate adjustments to the Conference's objectives, and position the forum more strategically to ensure the long-term and stable development of CICA. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.8 327.3 Asia; international cooperation; principles and mechanisms for system improvement; forum https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.8/ 08_Go-Shanshan.pdf

RAR RUS 140-153 0000-0002-5342-8495 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Cui Long luntsui@yandex.ru Chinese Research on the Arctic (Historical Aspect) China's commitment to Arctic exploration began in 1925, when the country joined the Svalbard Treaty. China's participation in Arctic exploration was defined by the second and third articles of the treaty, which allowed the country to conduct scientific activities in the adjacent waters of Svalbard. The first New China investigations began from the 1950s, the first scientific projects to explore the Arctic from the 1980s. At that time, the “National Committee of the People's Republic of China for Expeditions to the Arctic” and the “Institute of Polar Research” were created in Shanghai. The reforms and the advanced stance proclaimed by Deng Xiaoping established a new era in China's scientific research of northern Asia. Since the 1990s, the first Chinese scientific programs have been developed with the foreign partners’participation. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and its subordinate scientific institutions are actively involved in scientific activities: the Institute of Aerophysics, the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, the Institute of Oceanology, etc. An important event for the development of scientific research in the Arctic was the entry of China in 2013 into the Arctic Council as an observer. By 2018, China has conducted nine Arctic expeditions, their purpose was to study the ice melting and its consequences for the world's climate system, as well as the impact of the Arctic climate on China. The presence of plastic waste in the Arctic was monitored. Since the beginning of the new millennium, the PRC has considered the Arctic as the most important geopolitical and geostrategic region for its further logistical and economic development. 10.48612/rg/RGW.27.1.9 913 Arctic; China; history of arctic exploration; Chinese scientific research in the Arctic; scientific expeditions https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2024.27.9/ 9_-Tsuy-Lun-140-153.pdf