2304-9472; e-ISSN: 2949-3501 26 4 2023 1-203

RAR RUS 7-25 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Hassani 0000-0002-9511-8655 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vovenda Aleksei vovenda_av@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

The Iran Nuclear Deal Fallout: Test of the United Nations Security Council Credibility This article provides a historical account of the U.S.-Iran nuclear cooperation, spanning from its inception during President Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative in 1957 to the contemporary diplomatic challenges centered around the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, often referred to as the Iran Nuclear Deal, is a landmark international agreement aimed at addressing concerns about Iran's nuclear program. The Plan was negotiated and signed on July 14, 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 group of countries, which includes the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, China, and Russia, plus the European Union. The article critically assesses the objectives of the Plan and the robust dispute resolution mechanism embedded within it, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of the United Nations Security Council in endorsing, enforcing, and safeguarding the JCPOA. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the Security Council's limited ability to respond to the unilateral withdrawal of the US, highlighting the challenges in enforcing international agreements when influential nations act independently. The complexities and implications of the Security Council's functions in upholding international norms are central to this analyses. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.1 327 United Nations security council; American-Iran nuclear cooperation; atom for peace; international cooperation; nuclear deal https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.1/ 1-Hassani%2C-Vovenda-7-25.pdf

RAR RUS 26-43 Alexeeva https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9118-3716 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Danilova Svetlana pr.sv.03@mail.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0009-0006-6680-7802 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Ruchkin Nikita ruchkin.nd@edu.spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Kutdusova International Law as a Basis for Conflict Resolution: the Example of Israel and Palestine In the modern world, territorial conflicts are intensifying. Most often the origins of such conflicts are disputed territories claimed by several states at once. Due to historical, religious, political and other reasons, certain territories become a subject of interest for several political actors at once. There are also situations when these territories aspire to the role of an independent subject of international law. Therefore, the issue of applying international law to resolve territorial disputes is relevant in the current situation. It is especially important to understand the origins of these territorial conflicts, the history of their development and the situation in which these territories are now. It is necessary to analyze the decisions of international bodies, persons of international diplomacy and statements of world leaders on these disputes in order to understand their attitude to these conflicts and possible solutions. The article reviewed the history of the territorial dispute between Israel and Palestine. The decisions of international organizations on this dispute were analyzed and described, and international documents concerning the position of the disputed Palestinian-Israeli territories were reviewed. As a result, conclusions were drawn about ways to resolve the conflict, as well as about the capabilities of the UN in resolving international disputes. It was noted that international organizations, including the UN, are making attempts to resolve the conflict, but for the most part these attempts remain unsuccessful. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.2 341 territorial dispute; UN; Balfour Declaration; international treaty; disputed territory https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.2/ 2-Alekseeva-S_D_%2C-Danilova-S_A_%2C-Ruchkin-N_D_%2C-Kutdusova-A_A_-26-43.pdf

RAR RUS 44-63 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Nakhimova Darya D. dnakhimova98@mail.ru Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Vavilova Viktoria A. juivettzy@yandex.ru Anti-Terrorist Policy of the People's Republic of China in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region – a Reason for International Intervention in the Internal Politics of China? The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China is a conflict-ridden and complex territory that acts as a subject of political, economic, confessional and other discussions. The social policy of the Chinese government is becoming the subject of international controversy and a reason for foreign interference in the internal affairs of the state. The relevance of the study lies in the study of the first case of foreign interference in the domestic policy of a major world power under the pretext of solving global humanitarian problems since the beginning of the "openness reforms". In the proposed article, after linguistic and descriptive, factual analyses, an assessment of the results of the interstate and inter-institutional polemics of 2020-2022 in the field of human rights protection in the framework of the development policy of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is proposed. In May 2020, the «Guidelines of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for the Development of the Western Region» were published, in which the policy of its development was adjusted. The party's interest in the vast territory of agricultural land rich in minerals is explained not only by the economic benefits, but also by the socio-political instability of the district.  Some measures of work with the population are the result of a reaction to terrorist acts carried out in the region and theoretically may violate human rights, which arouses interest from the international community. US President Donald Trump signed the law «On Human Rights Policy towards Uighurs» (2020), which should regulate the violation of the rights of one ethnic group in the XUAR by imposing sanctions on specific individuals. It is determined that in the Russian-language literature, the anti-terrorist policy of the People's Republic of China is considered as an object for analysis, is evaluated as an independent ethnic social phenomenon and is insufficiently studied as a tool for regulating international relations. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.3 327.83 terrorism; Uighur people; human rights; intervention; China https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.3/ 3-Nahimova%2C-Vavilova-44-63.pdf

RAR RUS 64-77 Saint-Petersburg State University Sboychakova Anastasiia V. sboichakova@mail.ru Nesterova Irina E. ira.irenanest@yandex.ru Securitization of the Subject Field of the Crisis in Dynamics: an Example of Management of the Transboundary Mekong River Basin The study is a historical retrospective of the international crisis. The conceptual basis of the study was the theory of securitization developed by the Copenhagen School of International Relations. To conduct the study, the securitization of the water issue and methods of managing the river basin without any effective international regime were studied as a key factor in the emergence of a crisis in ensuring resource security. The subject field of the crisis is characterized and the international context and factors influencing the stages and phases of the conflict are outlined. Using the example of the situation around the joint management of the Mekong River basin in Southeast Asia, the dynamics of the crisis are demonstrated, and an analysis of its current state is carried out. The mechanism of securitization of the “water issue” is identified, the boundaries, subject field, dynamics, and current state of the crisis around the Mekong River are determined, and possible ways to resolve it are outlined. The authors’ hypothesis is that the prospects for resolving the crisis depend on the ability and desire of the parties to engage in dialogue, which are expressed at a low level due to external factors influencing the development of the crisis in question. The key conclusion of the study is that external influence on the development of the crisis and the imbalance of political and economic power of the participants slow down its resolution. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.4 327 water issue; resources; crisis; Mekong; Southeast Asia https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.4/ 4-Sboychakova%2C-Nesterova-64-77.pdf

RAR RUS 78-87 Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Province Guangdong, China Zhao Shiyu The Impact of International Political Events on Political Efficacy: an Empirical Study From the Perspective of the Generation Z Political efficacy is the feeling or belief that people believe their political actions can have an impact on the political process. By participating in online political commentary's is an important form of political participation for the generation Z, and an important way to express political efficacy. With the development of the Internet, the widespread use of social media platforms and easy access to information resources have made it possible for political information to be disseminated globally, and as loyal users of various social media, generation Z can readily receive reports of international political events disseminated on media platforms, which has an important impact on their own sense of political efficacy. In this study, more than 200 generation Z from across mainland China were selected as research subjects, with the aim of studying the factors that influence the generation Z ' political efficacy in their exposure to international political events and summarizing the patterns. The descriptive analysis in this study shows that political affiliation and educational background have a significant effect on the political efficacy of the generation Z. Based on the factual situation in mainland China, the Government considers the participation of new generation in order to increase political efficiency. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.5 324 generation Z; social media platforms; public participation; political efficacy; international political events https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.5/ 5-CHzhao-Shiyuy-78-87.pdf

RAR RUS 88-101 0009-0001-5014-1376 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Belokoz belokoz.er@edu.spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0009-0003-3047-8400 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Pavlova Olga pavlova_ok@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Politics of the Church and State on the Example of the Christian Democratic Party of Norway: History and Present The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation of the Church in Norway since the Reformation of the XVI–XVII centuries. At that time, the country was under the rule of Denmark. Therefore the reformation of the church and religion came from King of Denmark. The Norwegian Church has lost its independence. However, when the country's transition to Swedish rule in 1814, as a result of Denmark's defeat in the war, the Norwegian Lutheran Church gained greater independence in making its decisions. This is how the idea of creating religious organizations and a society known as the Norwegian Missionary Society (1842) appeared. In addition, the article examines the state of the Church of Norway at the beginning of the XX century, especially after the country gained independence (1905). The role of religion in society is also emphasized. The essence of the popular movement of the beginning of the XX century is revealed. On the basis of previously established religious values and traditions, political parties are beginning to form. Based on a study of the program of the People's Christian Party of Norway, in particular, its attitude to democracy and human rights, it was revealed that in order to defeat various types of extremism, it is necessary to involve more people in the struggle for democracy and the protection of their freedoms and rights. Particular attention is paid to environmental issues and climate change. It has been established that the cooperation of all countries with Norway's environmental policies, including the transition to “clean energy”, can lead to zero СО2 emissions by 2050. Moreover, having analyzed the party’s participation in international activities, it was determined that particular attention is paid to the party's policy of promoting democracy in the countries discussed in the article, such as Ethiopia and Lebanon. Youth policy in these countries, according to the party, should play a leading role in consolidating democracy, since it is a “fresh look” at state policy that will help avoid inhibition of the development of democratic processes in various spheres of society, and will also significantly reduce negative phenomena in the economy and politics, including corruption, nepotism, poverty, etc. The article also shows the activities of improving the democratic institutions of Christian Democrats with the organization Domus Dorpatensis in Estonia. Among other things, studying the policy of “sustainable defense” and the attitude towards Norway’s military participation in international operations, it was found that the state’s armed forces ensure constant readiness to deter and prevent military conflicts. It is emphasized that diplomacy and peaceful means should have greater priority in resolving military conflicts. The article defines the significance of the religious life of society in the reformation and post-reformation periods, as well as the results of the activities of the People's Christian Party of Norway. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.6 327 reformation; politicization; Kalmar union; coalition government; church council; Norad https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.6/ 6-Belokoz%2C-Pavlova-88-101.pdf

RAR RUS 102-116 Erciyes University, Kayseri, Republic of Türkiye Ucgul Sevinc Institute of World Civilizations, Moskow, Russia Zvonareva Linguostylistic Peculiarities of Political Journalism on the Example of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's Book “A Fairer World is Possible!” This article analyzes the linguo-stylistic features of political journalism on the example of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's book “A Fairer World is Possible!”. The study reveals that the style of presentation in this book has expressiveness and detailing, which makes the text more attractive to readers. Erdoğan uses exclamations and rhetorical questions, which makes his speech dynamic and allows him to emphasize important points. The images used by the president are based on folkloric and romantic paradigms, making them accessible and emotionally rich. Erdoğan in his book does not seek to simply win over the audience, but rather offers important and acceptable solutions to the pressing international problems of the early twenties of the twenty-first century. The structure of the text is simple, but with certain metaphorical images and political emphases, which helps convince readers of the validity of the proposed solutions. An important finding of the article is that Erdoğan, while avoiding complex structure and religiously colored vocabulary, uses moderate expressiveness and reductionism in proposing concrete measures to harmonize world political environment overloaded with conflicts. This study contributes to the understanding of the structure and stylistics of political publicity as well as analyzing the communicative strategies of political leaders in Turkey. The results of this study are of interest to researchers in political rhetoric, linguistics and international relations. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.7 32.019.51+80 Political journalism; United Nations reform; metaphorical imagery; political focus; Turkey's president https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.7/ 7-Uchgyul%2C-Zvonareva-102-116.pdf

RAR RUS 117-135 H-4865-2016 57193690516 0000-0001-9760-2443 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Sidorchuk Ilya chubber@yandex.ru

Polytechnicheskaya 29

0000-0001-5214-6165 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Tsimerman Evgenia Soviet City of the NEP Era as a Leisure Space The 1920s are known in Russian history as a time of attempts to implement unique social experiments, total revisionism of established norms and values. Leisure culture has also undergone its transformations, the attention to which on the part of the authorities was explained by the desire to use the rest time of workers for educational, ideological and cultural work. The main space for it was cities, which during the period of the new economic policy were places of amazing neighborhood of old and new culture, aesthetics, everyday images and types. In this article, the Soviet city of the 1920s is considered as a leisure space in which a new Soviet man was to be formed. It shows how, for what and by whom it was created, and how it changed the city and the life of its population. The methodological guidelines for the preparation of the article were the ideas of the “new urban history”, which allowed, unlike classical historical urban studies, to look at the city from an original perspective, in particular, as a communicative and leisure space. In addition, a set of special historical methods, traditional for historical works, was used: historical-comparative, problem-chronological, synchronization, etc. The source base of the study was made up of unpublished materials of propaganda and cultural and educational work in various regions of the country. Periodicals, journalism, and fiction were also actively involved. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the Soviet government, recognizing the backwardness of the vast masses of the population, assumed the role of a cultural trader, colonizing and improving, according to its ideas, the urban space and its inhabitants. It was leisure that was given a significant role in this: the free time of a Soviet citizen had to be filled exclusively with cultural, reasonable leisure. Holidays made it possible to symbolically “conquer” the space of the center, previously inaccessible to a resident of the factory outskirts, excursions were introduced to cultural heritage, gardens and parks were touted with the opportunity to relax in the fresh air, etc. At the same time, as before the revolution, the city remained a dangerous testing place for yesterday’s peasants. It was still opposed to the countryside, but from now on it not only threatened poverty, disease, moral decline and marginalization, but could also save from the networks of philistinism and foster class consciousness, including through cultural leisure. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.4.8 93/94 history of leisure; history of everyday life; new urban history; new economic policy; historical urbanism https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.8/ 8-Sidorchuk%2C-Tsimerman-117-135.pdf

RAR RUS 136-156 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-5557 Saint Petersburg State University Matveevskaya Anna a.matveevskaya@spbu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia Ren Sijin Ren Sijin Russian Chinese Cultural Ties: Challenges and Ways to Overcome Them Since 2014, due to the sharp deterioration of Russia's relations with Western countries, Russia has begun to pay more attention to its policy in the Asian region and to relations with China. Now, China and Russia have not only close political and economic ties, but also cultural and educational ties. China and Russia, despite the difference in culture and mentality, they have a high political will for deep cooperation in various spheres, including cultural and humanitarian. However, it would be wrong to say that Sino-Russian cultural ties are perfect and do not require any refinement and correction of mistakes. The article will consider the problems and challenges that currently exist in the field of cultural interaction between the two countries. The main problem for all areas of humanitarian cooperation is that ties between China and Russia still prevail from above, i.e., at the initiative of governments or directly from the leaders themselves. All this leads to a low level of understanding between the Chinese and the Russians. States now need to focus their efforts on supporting human-to-human relations, since it is the interaction at the citizen level that must become favorable and strong the basis for long-term friendship and cooperation between the countries. Although there are still many shortcomings and difficulties in the field of humanitarian and cultural cooperation between Russia and China, the high mutual political will for cooperation and considerable benefits from it, as well as the efforts of the governments and societies of both countries will lead to the resolution of issues related to humanitarian exchanges, and Russia and China will actively use the resources of the platform and the opportunities for further cooperation provided to it. The current significant changes in international relations offer great opportunities for countries to jointly build a community with a shared future for mankind, in line with Xi Jinping's vision put forward in October 2012, which requires the promotion of cultural exchanges to eradicate bias, stereotypes and misunderstandings among peoples. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.4.9 327 Russia; China; cultural relations; international cooperation; challenges and threats; solutions https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.9/ 9-Matveevskaya%2C-Zhen-Sitszin-136-156.pdf

RAR RUS 157-177 0000-0002-2881-8133 Novosibirsk State University Sokolovsky Vasily v.sokolovskii@g.nsu.ru 0000-0003-1811-1502 Novosibirsk State University Kovaleva Nika n.kovaleva@g.nsu.ru Actio in Distans: South American Studies in Russian Archaeology. Part II This part discusses the post-Soviet period of development of the study and research of ancient South America. The relevance is determined by the existence of a “scientific tradition” of studying South American archeology by Russian archaeologists since the beginning of the XIXth century. The authors review the history of Russian archaeological research of South America in the designated period on the basis of published works, scientific activities of famous specialists (Y.E. Beryozkin, V.A. Bashilov, S.A. Sozina, A.V. Tabarev, E.S. Levanova, etc.) and expedition projects. Like many research fields American studies in Russia in the 1990s overcame a time of crisis. Despite this, some Russian scholars were able to complete internships in foreign scientific and educational centers for the first time. In the 2000s–2020s publishing (in particular, monographic) activities are being intensified, trips are being carried out, including archaeological expeditions to the South American continent, the number of students and young scientists specializing in the archaeology of pre-Columbian Latin America is increasing. In particular, during these years an American studies center was formed in Novosibirsk (Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University). One of the most important projects of this center, together with archaeologists from the Far Eastern Federal University, was the organization and, subsequently, conduct of the first Russian archaeological expeditions in South America (Ecuador) in 2014–2015, 2017–2018. As a result of review, the importance of South America as an international scientific platform is indicated. Also, confidence is expressed in the prospects for further research by Russian archaeologists in this region, which is significant in such a research direction as Pacific archaeology. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.10 902/904 History of archaeology; South America; American studies in Russia; Russian archaeology; research history https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.10/ 10-Kovaleva%2C-Sokolovskiy-157-177.pdf

RAR RUS 178-190 North-West Macroregional Division of PJSC Rostelecom Loginov Alexander The Effectiveness of the Transition in Russia to the Next Level Telecommunications Standards In modern conditions, special attention is paid to telecommunication technologies, which solve the important task of eliminating borders between States and people, contribute to the development of mobile and video communications. The newest generations of cellular communication are becoming a new stage of development. A characteristic feature of the new generation is the emergence of new standards, their feature becomes new frequency ranges, the speed of transmission of information. A distinctive feature of the new generation of cellular communications has been the formation of standards that define new methods and technologies. The development of cellular communication, in addition to daily communication between people, contributes to the growth of e-commerce, the development of health care, helps to solve complex problems in emergency situations. The Russian company Rostelecom launched in 2014 a 4G network connection. The use of the next generation 5G network based on robotic aggregates will make life more comfortable. The Government of the Russian Federation has published measures for the development of mobile communication 5G, which will be implemented in 2024. In 2030,100 million Russian subscribers will be able to receive mobile communication, implemented on domestic equipment. The use of the fifth-generation networks will expand the technological breakthrough in the telecommunication structure, stimulate social and economic development, will have a huge impact on the traditional sectors of the economy. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.11 621.391+608.3 Russia; cellular network; telecommunications; mobile communications; remote labor; 6 G network technologies https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.11/ 11-Loginov-178-190.pdf

REV RUS 191-198 0000-0002-4663-8072 Saint Petersburg State University Bolgov Radomir rbolgov@yandex.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0001-6522-7095 Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Braslavsky Ruslan r.braslavsky@socinst.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-4825-2640 Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences – a branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kozlovskiy Vladimir v.kozlovskiy@socinst.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

6603404917 0000-0002-0095-8986 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Pogodin Sergey pogodin_sn@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0001-7492-356X Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Tsyb Alexey tsyb_av@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

The Review of International Conference «Topical Issues of International Political Geography» (TIPG-2022) On December 23, 2022, the international conference "Topical Issues of International Political Geography" (TIPG-2022) was held in St. Petersburg. The conference was held at the Sociological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was organized in cooperation with Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The conference was devoted to several aspects of modern political geography, sociology and international relations. TIPG-2022 has become a platform for discussion and cooperation of scientists and experts in the field of political geography, humanitarian geography, geopolitics, urban studies, demography, migration policy, natural resources, international organizations, regional integration, conflicts, security and other related areas of research. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4.12 327 political geography; humanitarian geography; geopolitics; urban studies; demography; migration policy; international relations; regional integration; sociology and social anthropology https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.26.12/ 12-Bolgov%2C-Braslavskiy%2C-Kozlovskiy%2C-Pogodin%2C-Tsib-191-198.pdf