2304-9472; e-ISSN: 2949-3501 26 3 2023 1-173

RAR RUS 7-16 College of Economics Shenzhen University Han Lei 1157966759@qq.com College of Economics Shenzhen University Liu Ziwen l.ziwen@163.com Russian Energy Map Changes under the Background of 2022: Take Turkish Stream as an Example In 2021, Russia was the world's largest natural gas exporter, with 74% of its natural gas exports going to Europe, and the European region's average dependence on Russian gas reached 41%. With the escalating war with Ukraine and the destruction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline, Germany is no longer suited to its role as Europe's energy gateway. In 2022, European Union demand for Russian gas has plummeted and Russia has had to change its energy landscape to find new buyers and transport routes. Turkey is an important consideration for Russia's new energy hub because of its geographical location and the existing Turkish Stream gas pipeline. Under the current international situation, this project has many favorable factors, such as relative security and stability, the corresponding technical level and the support of relevant member states, but it also has to face unfavorable factors such as the sanctions of the United States and the threat of war. At the same time, Russia should also pay more attention to the geopolitical game between Europe, Russia, America and Turkey behind the energy pipeline. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.1 327 Conflict Eurasian Pipelines Energy hub Geopolitics Turkey https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.1/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-7-16.pdf

RAR RUS 17-29 0000-0003-0774-4785 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kiseleva Aleksandra R. a.kiseleva22222@gmail.com The Growing Relationship between China and Japan in the 1970’s China and Japan are one of the leading countries in terms of economic development in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The stability of the region directly depends on their relationship, and this trend was observed in the second half of the 20th century. Relations between the countries in the post-war period gradually developed, and in the 1970’s the most favorable stage in the dialogue between the two states took place. The purpose of this study is to identify the main areas of cooperation between Beijing and Tokyo that contributed to the improvement of relations between the countries in the 1970’s. However, while discussing this topic, it is also necessary to pay attention to the difficulties that have grown with each decade since the end of the second Sino-Japanese War. Different political systems, American influence, the problem of Taiwan, territorial disputes, the presence and testing of nuclear weapons – all of these influenced the dialogue between Beijing and Tokyo, but trade and economic cooperation expanded at the same time: trade relations developed, investments were actively poured in, countries united for the implementation of joint projects. The number of various cultural contacts also increased. The scientific novelty of this work is determined by the attempt to provide data on the development of Sino-Japanese dialogue in the post-war period, when the prerequisites for the further favorable development of bilateral contacts were formed, give information about the growth of Sino-Japanese relations in the 1970’s and problems that appeared in the third decade of the 20th century between the two states. As a result of the study, it was revealed that, against the backdrop of trade and economic cooperation, the emerging problems still receded into the background, which can be perceived as a characteristic feature of Sino-Japanese relations, which was formed in the 1970’s and remains relevant until now. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.2 327 People's Republic of China Sino-Japanese relations PRC's foreign policy dialogue international relations https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.2/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-17-29.pdf

RAR RUS 30-42 0000-0001-6814-1078 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Wang Mingjun a1069910470@gmail.com Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979 (in the Coverage of Russian Historical Literature) The history of the beginning and the results of the Sino-Vietnamese war in February-March 1979 have always been in the focus of historians' attention. This period in the history of the two countries is interpreted differently in China and Vietnam. There are different approaches to understanding the causes of the war of their participants. The study of the current situation between the two countries through the coverage of these events in Russian historiography is of fundamental importance. The objective study of the Sino-Vietnamese War by Russian historical science begins at the beginning of the XXI century. The historiographical analysis of the works of domestic scientists devoted to the military conflict between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam allows us to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, this conflict has not yet been fully investigated. Secondly, additional information is required, which is not yet available to researchers, since the archives of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of China and Vietnam are still closed. Thirdly, all the Ossetian authors conclude that the main cause of the conflict was China's unconstructive position. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.3 327 historiography Russian historical science People's Republic of China Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam USSR Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979 https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.3/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-30-42.pdf

RAR RUS 43-57 0000-0002-5342-8495 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Cui Long luntsui@yandex.ru Sino-Russian Cooperation in the Arctic (Based on the Materials of the Russian Press) The role of the Arctic in world politics and international relations has increased significantly over the past decades. With its large natural resources, the Arctic region has important geopolitical, strategic and economic significance. All this determines the interest in it not only of the Arctic states, but also of states located far from the Arctic. One of these states is the People's Republic of China. Relations between China and Russia in recent decades have been built on the basis of strategic partnership. Joint projects in the Arctic have become the most important priority area of this partnership. These are projects in the transport and energy fields. A large number of works by Russian scientists are devoted to the Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation. Most authors consider cooperation as a guarantee of stability for China and Russia in a globalized world. However, there are authors who believe that there are separate contradictions in the relations between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries. In their opinion, China sometimes acts as a competitor, and its activities become expansionist. In general, according to the Russian authors, the Sino-Russian cooperation is mutually beneficial and is under development. China and Russia have a long way to go in the issue of sustainable development of the Arctic. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.4 327.8 People's Republic of China Russian Federation Arctic cooperation historiography Russian press https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.4/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-43-57.pdf

RAR RUS 58-77 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Lu Feng boker809260921@gmail.com Economic Relations between China and Kazakhstan as Part of the Strategy "One Belt – one Road" (Problems and Prospects) The study is aimed at presenting the characteristics of the issue of influence and prospects of relations between China and Kazakhstan within the framework of the concept of "One Belt – One Road". The author examined the history of the emergence and development of the Silk Road project, presented the structural elements of the One Belt – One Road concept and the prospects for its development, and proposed an assessment of the impact of the transnational economic belt on the economy of Kazakhstan. When solving the tasks set, the following methods are used in the work: historical analysis, comparative analysis, and methods of analysis and synthesis.  In the course of the study, to reveal the problems and prospects for the development of the concept of "One Belt – One Road". The conducted studies provide up-to-date data and analysis of the specific economic and social consequences of the implementation of the initiative in Kazakhstan in combination with other geopolitical projects and strategies in the region, characterize the legal and institutional framework associated with the implementation of the initiative, and also focus on the impact of the initiative on sustainable development and the environment in the region of Western and Central Asia. Research contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact and contributes to the development of strategic recommendations for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.5 327 Initiation "Оne belt – one road" China Kazakhstan economy geopolitics logistic solutions https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.5/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-58-77.pdf

RAR RUS 78-92 0000-0003-1645-8043 Institute for Humanitarian Studies and Problems of the Small Peoples of the North Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Zjukova Ludmila N. zjukova@mail.ru Traces of Ancient Chinese Influence in the Traditional Culture of the Forest Yukagirs of the Upper Kolyma One of the few peoples of Northern Eurasia who still retain their appropriating economy are the forest Yukaghirs of the upper Kolyma, hunters of elk, fur-bearing animals, upland and migratory birds, and fishermen. The archaic type of economy determines the functioning in the Yukagir culture of the elements of the world outlook and the folklore heritage of bygone eras. In folklore, ancient, new and latest layers are distinguished. It is not yet clear to what stratum and with what ethnic influences the appearance of ancient Chinese stories in the Yukaghir folklore is associated. In Eastern Siberia, the earliest alleged ethno-cultural ancient Chinese traces are determined by the Neolithic; the Bronze Age is characterized by individual objects of material culture and rock pictograms. In the Middle Ages, the direct southern influence was weakened by the settlement of Eastern Siberia by the Tungus, Turkic-Mongolian tribes. The alien tribes could act as translators of ancient Chinese traditions, the presence of which was noted by researchers in clothing samples, Yukaghir folklore, and the gene pool. In the study of alleged contacts, not only the data of the advancement of some ancient Chinese groups in the northern direction, but also the migration of the ancient Yukaghir tribes, who had previously assimilated ethnic elements from southern and central Yakutia to northern latitudes under pressure from the newcomer Tungus and ancestors of the Yakuts, will be of importance. The initial stage of research discovered some common structural units and images in a series of ancient myths about the creation of man, versions of the global flood and the hero's pursuit of an eight-legged elk, a zoomorphic image of Heaven. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.6 903+7.046+398 Northeast Asia history of Yakutia Yukagirs Ancient China archeology folklore cultural parallels prospects for studying https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.6/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-78-92.pdf

RAR RUS 93-114 0000-0001-7667-0383 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Arslanova Yuliya R. arslanova@qkelisim.kz 57038703800 0000-0001-7667-0383 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Kalashnikova Natalia P. nerush50@mail.ru ALZHIR: Children's Fate of Political Repression (Fragments of Archival Materials and Oral Histories) Political changes in the late 1980s in the USSR aroused great interest in the study and objective coverage of the problems of Stalinism, totalitarianism, and political repression in the national history of the XX century. Information and legal opportunities have appeared for the study of this issue in recent years, when previously classified data from special archives began to be opened at the request of the public. After gaining Independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan continued to work on research and search for archival materials about the deported and repressed, their rehabilitation. New pages of those tragic days are being opened by scientists, including Kazakhstani ones, thanks to archival research, publications of documents, memoirs, biographical publications. In this regard, research by scientists and experts from different countries implementing their projects, including on a collaborative basis, has become popular. The problems considered in this article are poorly studied, because, despite the fact that in recent years public and research activity has increased, aimed at covering, studying, evaluating historical events of the XX century, many pages of history are perceived in post–Soviet societies very ambiguously, and often painfully. Akmola camp of the wives of traitors to the motherland (ALZHIR) was the largest prison camp in the USSR for the wives of the repressed. For a long time, the problem of repression against children and family members of «enemies of the people», «traitors to the Motherland» has not been discussed in society, and many victims of the tragedy still prefer not to talk about their lives, including relatives. As a result of the above circumstances, as well as difficulties in the process of declassifying archival sources on the history of political terror, victims of political repression, especially children, were not singled out as an independent object of study by science. There are practically no monographic studies on the problems of political violence, repression of children, adolescents, and youth. The publication of memoirs of victims of repression on the pages of newspapers and magazines has become a common phenomenon since the end of the XX century. The article used the memories of victims of political repression, this type of source helps to trace the implementation of repressive policies in the lives of people, an individual family, fills in information gaps. The history of political repression against children today needs special research. Children's themes cause even greater pain and sorrow and are often explored in relation to the women's issues of repression. However, in a number of works, including by Kazakhstani scientists and experts, the issue of highlighting the consequences of mass political repression through the eyes of children, in relation to them, the memories of eyewitnesses of the events of the XX century has become more actively raised. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.7 32.019.52 Akmola camp of the wives of traitors to the motherland «26th point» camp prisoners of ALZHIR children of prisoners «enemy of the people» «traitor to the Motherland» archives historical memory https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.7/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-93-114.pdf

RAR RUS 115-130 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Korchagin Vasiliy L. korchagin198014@mail.ru Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kolesnikov Dmitry E. opettaja555@gmail.com Reflection of Finnish National Identity in the Works of J. L. Runeberg As an independent concept, national identity represents a set of sociocultural symbolic meanings related to a particular nation. The relevance of the study is determined by the historical significance of the period of formation of the Finnish national identity, which largely influenced the formation of the Finnish nation and led to the emergence of the state of Finland. The need to study the Finnish national identity is conditioned by the high degree of significance of this phenomenon for the entire Finnish people. The national question has an important place in the development and functioning of the state. During the so-called period of “national awakening” of the Finnish people (1810–1840s), the main attention was paid to the search and formation of national identity as the basis for the emergence of a self-aware nation. The article has analyzed the reflection of the Finnish national identity in the works of art of the outstanding poet of Finland, one of the key figures of the Fennomaniac movement – J. L. Runeberg. The work of this poet is a vivid example of attentive and careful attitude to the peculiarities of national character and psychology in order to spread and consolidate them in the mass consciousness of Finns. At the same time, the poet, through his work, contributed to the formation of the Finnish national identity and the creation of cultural archetypes on which it will be based later. As a result of the research, it was revealed exactly how certain aspects of Finnish national identity were reflected in the works of J. L. Runeberg; the peculiarities of the national character of the heroes of the writer's works, which later became cultural archetypes for Finland, were analyzed; the degree of importance of the poet's cultural activity in the overall process of forming the identity of the Finnish people was determined; the specifics of Finnish national literature in the first half of the XIX century were revealed. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.3.8 821.511.111 Finland national identity Finnish literature Runeberg national romantism https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.8/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-115-130.pdf

RAR RUS 131-148 Nanjing University of Science and Technology Li Yuanxin yuanxin.li@njust.edu.cn Modern Trends in the Formation of Human Resources in China (to the Formulation of the Question) Human resource management, in modern conditions, is a defining tool. They act as an indicator of the level of development in the country. The human resources of the People's Republic of China are unique and have no analogues in the world, both in terms of population and composition. In modern conditions, China is the leader in terms of population in the world and in terms of its share of GDP in the global economy. However, this situation may change in the near future since there are a number of demographic problems in the country associated with the introduction of the "One Family, – One Child" policy. Therefore, the assessment of China's human resources needs to be investigated on the market using a comprehensive system analysis covering all aspects of the lives of the populations of the countries, using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. Only such an analysis of human resources will contribute to its truly predictable composition and structure. China's human resources need to be subjected to a qualitative scientific analysis that will make it possible to predict their further development. For a long time, China's economy has been growing at a rapid pace due to the use of a large amount of labor and large capital investments. In recent years, the growth rate has started to decline significantly. One of the reasons for this phenomenon was not an improved human resource management system. Therefore, there is an urgent need in China to identify and subsequently solve human resource management problems. The leading role in this direction belongs to the state. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.3.9 332.1; 338 human resources human capital human resource management economic development demographic situation in China urbanization economic development One Family – One Child policy https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.9/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-131-148.pdf

RAR RUS 149-168 57219253250 0000-0002-7101-9783 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Iskakova Zhuldyzay zhuldyzay89@gmail.com 57038703800 0000-0001-7667-0383 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University; Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Kalashnikova Natalia P. nerush50@mail.ru The Factor of Ethnicity in the Reproductive Behavior of Citizens of Kazakhstan Significant changes have taken place in the demographic structure of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the years of Independence from 1991 to 2023. The share of Kazakhs has increased significantly – from 40 to 70.7 percent, and the share of young people in the total population structure has also increased. Kazakhs as a key ethnic group in Kazakhstan have become decisive in the process of population reproduction. Until the 1990s, demographic development was determined mainly by the non-Kazakh population. At the same time, the ethnodemographic structure of Kazakhstan remains complex, representatives of more than 120 ethnic groups live in the country. The purpose of this publication is to determine the degree of influence of the ethnicity factor on the birth rate in Kazakhstan. For this purpose, current scientific research on the peculiarities of reproduction of the population of Kazakhstan, as well as a set of other factors affecting the birth rate were studied. Statistical and comparative analysis of government data, a review of expert assessments on reproductive behavior of the population were used, and a comparison of statistical data from other countries was presented. The novelty in the article is the systematization of the most relevant works on the topic published over the past few years, as well as the idea that a number of other factors affect the reproduction processes along with the ethnicity factor. In particular, the results of the article show that the birth rate is influenced by a set of conditions, including socio-economic status, religious attitudes and others. At the same time, ethnicity also acts as one of the main factors determining reproductive behavior. The modern trends of demographic development of Kazakhstan are analyzed, as well as the features of the current ethnodemographic development of Kazakhstan are described. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3.10 314 Kazakhstan fertility installations reproduction population https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.25.10/ Rossiya-v-globalnom-mire_-T_-26_-Vip_-3---2023-149-168.pdf