Russia in the Global World

RAR RUS 7-19 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-5557 Saint Petersburg State University Matveevskaya Anna a.matveevskaya@spbu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

Saint Petersburg State University Sokolovskaya Daria st087092@student.spbu.ru Prospects for the Development of Environmental Cooperation Far East and Countries of Asia Pacific Region Due to the international situation and the sanctions imposed by European and Western countries, Russia found itself in partial isolation, since many environmental projects were suspended, respectively, the development of environmental cooperation partially lost its potential. But adapting to the international situation, Russia has begun to actively cooperate with its Asian and Middle Eastern neighbors, which, indeed, can serve as the beginning of a new page in the Russian history of international environmental cooperation. Of course, the loss of support from European countries, which are the most competent in solving environmental problems, will adversely affect the state of the Russian environment. But here Russia, especially the Far East, has a chance to expand cooperation with its Asian neighbors and the opportunity to find the most effective ways to resolve environmental issues. The proposed publication is devoted to international environmental cooperation between the Russian Far East and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region on the example of China and Japan. The article reflects the current points of contact between the parties in the environmental sphere, their importance is assessed. The genesis of the environmental cooperation of the Far East with China and Japan is also traced. The nature of the countries' policies on this issue is assessed. In addition, the most important areas of interaction between the parties for the resolution of environmental problems are determined. After reviewing the main state documents, official websites of projects and events, the authors conclude that in the environmental sphere, the Russian Far East mainly cooperates with countries such as China and Japan. The article emphasizes that countries are aware of the interdependence in this area and its importance. Negotiations and agreements are being concluded with the rest of the Asia-Pacific countries less effectively. The authors assess the effectiveness of the international environmental cooperation of the Russian Far East satisfactorily, since active work on the implementation of international plans, projects and events is demonstrated. But the authors are convinced that this cooperation has exhausted only a small part of its potential. It is also important that international cooperation is not conducted in all regions of the Far Eastern district: in reports on the environmental situation in most regions, ministries do not cover international activities. The article emphasizes the effectiveness and prospects of further cooperation between the Far East and the Asia-Pacific countries. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.1 327 international environmental cooperation environmental projects Asia Pacific region Far East of Russia water resources Amur river https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.1/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-7-19.pdf

RAR RUS 20-30 Shenzhen University Li Ziling 1506391366@qq.com Analysis of China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation The world economy is in crisis amid the ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus. Countries are committed to seeking new development opportunities by strengthening regional cooperation. In recent years, China-Indonesia cooperation has been continuously strengthened. As the largest economy in Southeast Asia, Indonesia has great potential for development. Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, it is believed that the economic and trade scope of the two sides will continue to expand. From the perspective of economy and trade, this paper will analyze the current situation of China-Indonesia cooperation in trade, digital economy and cooperation mechanism, put forward the problems that hinder the development of economic and trade cooperation between the two countries, and further explore the future development path of cooperation between the two countries. According to the research, the trade scale between China and Indonesia has been expanding and the cooperation in the field of digital economy is close. However, there is a certain gap in the development level of the economy and trade between the two countries. In the future, the two countries will take advantage of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership opportunity to further strengthen the coordination of their policies. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.2 339.9 Belt and Road Initiative digital economy trade scale strategic cooperation China Indonesia https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.2/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-20-30.pdf

RAR RUS 31-40 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Bayramli Nijat k.bayramli97@mail.ru Russian-Azerbaijani Relations as an Example of Multilateral Cooperation The article is devoted to Russian-Azerbaijani relations and its significance for the Republic of Azerbaijan. The subject of the study is the current stage of Russian-Azerbaijani relations at the interstate level. The author has reviewed and analyzed the main areas of cooperation between the two states, such as economic, energy, military-political, humanitarian and cultural, in order to trace the evolution of Azerbaijani-Russian relations since their formation, as well as to show the transition to a new, higher level of development, which has affected foreign policy strategies of the two states. The author used general scientific methods, namely: analysis, synthesis, the method of comparative analysis, as the main method for studying specific foreign policy initiatives of Azerbaijan and Russia, as well as the principle of objectivity, which helped to identify the main trends in the development of bilateral Azerbaijani-Russian cooperation. Finally, with the help of a system-analytical method, the specific results of strategic partnership agreements in various areas were evaluated. The combination of these methods made it possible to reveal the following: since the coming to power of Heydar Aliyev in Azerbaijan and Vladimir Putin in Russia, since the 2000s, Russia and Azerbaijan have been gradually reaching the level of strategic partnership. The importance of interstate cooperation is backed up by relevant statements by statesmen of both states, interstate visits and high-level meetings, as well as quite specific foreign policy steps. The current stage of the dialogue between Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation is important. It creates conditions for cooperation, the essence of the problem, its consequences, allows us to understand its significance for peoples. During the dialogue in interstate relations, the position of neighboring states is discussed. This is the policy of states and undoubtedly affects world public opinion. Assessing the fullness of cooperation in various fields, we can say that Russia and Azerbaijan have a good foundation for the further development of bilateral relations, even despite some problem areas. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.3 327.7 Russia Azerbaijan Republic president cooperation head of state economy public opinion https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.3/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-31-40.pdf

RAR RUS 41-50 0000-0003-0812-5791 Collaborative Innovation Center for South China Sea Studies at Nanjing University Wang Tengfei wangtengfei@nanhai.org.cn India's South China Sea Policy Actions: Adjustment and Transformation In the context of the intensifying game between major powers, the geopolitical importance of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean has become prominent at the same time, and they have become the key areas of strategic competition between China and India. After N. Modi came into power in 2014, he upgraded the "Look East policy" to "Act East policy", aiming at the South China Sea. India is unwilling to remain silent and passive in diplomacy and actions, especially in the past two years, India's attitude has shifted significantly. Like other extraterritorial powers such as the United States, India does not want the South China Sea to be dominated by its rival, China, and its main strategic intent in its continued involvement in the South China Sea is to further complicate the South China Sea issue in order to restrain China and thus ease its own strategic pressure in the Indian Ocean and border areas. Driven by this, the South China Sea issue is increasingly becoming a new negative factor in the relationship between India and China. The proposed article seeks to identify the key points of the conflict and their consequences. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.4 327 India South China Sea checks and balances Sino-Indian competition strategic solutions https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.4/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-41-50.pdf

RAR RUS 51-66 0000-0003-0774-4785 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kiseleva Aleksandra R. a.kiseleva22222@gmail.com The “Zero-COVID” Policy of the People's Republic of China in the Discourse of Chinese and Western Media The media is now considered to be the fourth branch of government due to the enormous influence exerted on people. Understanding this, governments often use this “power” for their own purposes. The political engagement of the media can be noticeable both in the domestic and foreign policy affairs of any state. Their influence on international relations makes the media to be one of the tools of “soft” and “hard power”. As a means of “soft power”, the mass media can be used to form a positive image of the state through the dissemination of its attractiveness; information can also be presented as propaganda, which is regarded as a “hard method. This paper will examine how China uses the media to maintain its own image abroad, and what kind of “reaction” it receives from Western media on the example of the changes in the “zero-COVID” policy at the end of 2022. Analyzing the Chinese media, the foreign and Chinese branches of one information agency, we have revealed discrepancies in the discourse. Different target audiences were provided with different information that was made for the sake of China’s own interests. Western media (British and American), assessing the “zero-COVID” policy, to a large extent criticize any Beijing’s decisions, that has a negative impact on the image of the state abroad. The lifting of restrictions and the opening of China’s borders led to a controversial reaction in the world. The way how China handles this new challenge will ultimately determine the viability of the “zero-COVID” policy. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.5 327 China People's Republic of China “zero-COVID” policy coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 media image of the state “soft power” https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.5/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-51-66.pdf

RAR RUS 67-82 0000-0002-3496-9659 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Liu Haowen a635657978@gmail.com The Role of the Collection of Quotes "Thoughts of Mao Zedong" in China's Foreign Policy Collection "Thoughts of Mao Zedong" is a set of ideas based on the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and summarizing the unique practical experience of the Chinese Communists, led by the most important representative of Mao Zedong in revolutionary and organizational building. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of Mao Zedong Thought in Chinese politics, as well as the influence of Mao Zedong Thought on Chinese social and political processes. The author focuses on the fact that the ideas of Mao Zedong, published as a collection of his quotes in 1966 in Beijing, despite the fact that most of them are a projection of the philosophy of Marxism, were originally of a fundamental nature and were successfully adapted by him in order to socialize the Chinese people, as well as bringing it to a new level of social development. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, there was a general erroneous tendency within the international communist movement and the Chinese Communist Party to dogmatize Marx's theory and worship the decisions of the Comintern and the experience of the Soviet Union as gods. The thought of Mao Zedong was formed and developed in the process of opposing this erroneous line of thought and in a deep generalization of historical experience in this area. Their systematization, multilateral development and maturity fell on the late period of the Agrarian Revolution and the period of the Anti-Japanese War. Further development continued during the Liberation War and after the formation of the People's Republic of China. Many prominent figures of the Communist Party of China contributed to the formation and development of these ideas. A separate line in this analysis shows under the influence of which factors these ideas were formed, by whom they were supported or distorted, and also what kind of ideological influence they had in building China's relations with the rest the world. It is concluded that Mao's ideas, but also their direct impact on China's policy. Mao Zedong left a legacy in which, for the first time in many years, the social idea of the self-identity of the Chinese nation could be realized, and new principles of coexistence were created that pushed the PRC to further development. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.6 32.019.5 China self-determination foreign policy sovereignty national interests socialism Maoism https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.6/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-67-82.pdf

RAR RUS 83-95 Chengdu Institute of World Affairs Wang Yanhong 472260820@qq.com Suggestions for Countermeasures to Promote the Construction of a "Belt and Road" Foreign Exchange Centre in the Chengdu-Chongqing Region The Chengdu-Chongqing region is located in the hinterland of southwest China, it is situated at the intersection of the "Belt and Road" and the Yangtze River Economic Corridor. The construction of the twin-city economic circle in the Chengdu-Chongqing region is a major national regional development strategy personally planned, deployed and promoted by General Secretary of CPC Xi Jinping. Historically, the Chengdu-Chongqing region has had unique advantages. After the founding of New China, it played a major role in the construction of the Third Line; since the reform and opening up, it has always been an important growth pole in the west. Entering the new era, the level of development is higher and the conditions are better. This paper examines and promotes the establishment of the "Belt and Road" foreign exchange center in the Chengdu-Chongqing region, shows that the foreign exchange Centre will accelerate the development of Chengdu-Chongqing into a "core city" of China's "Belt and Road" opening up to South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and even Europe. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.7 339.5 China Chengdu Chongqing the Belt and Road initiative regional cooperation external communication economic and trade coordination https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.7/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-83-95.pdf

RAR RUS 96-117 0000-0002-2881-8133 Novosibirsk State University Sokolovsky Vasily v.sokolovskii@g.nsu.ru 0000-0003-1811-1502 Novosibirsk State University Kovaleva Nika n.kovaleva@g.nsu.ru Actio in Distans: South American Studies in Russian Archaeology. Part I Research interests of Russian archaeologists have never been limited geographically. In different years, there were successful efforts of archaeological projects in many countries: Iraq, Syria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Cuba, Vietnam, Norway, Afghanistan et al. Explorations in South America began in the beginning of XIXth century by expeditions of Russian naturalists and ethnographers. Archaeological investigations on the continent has continued with varying success to the present day, but has encountered many difficulties, not least due to political and logistic factors. The purpose of this and the next articles is to review the history of South American studies in Russia. The main publication subjects and research approaches will be reviewed. This article focuses on the history of Russian archaeological research in South America in the period from the beginning of the XIXth century to the 1990s. For almost 150 years, Russian specialists have not only gained knowledge about the archaeology and ancient history of South America, but also participated in the first expeditions to the continent and addressed the actual research problems of South American archaeology. In spite of the small number of archaeologists focused on Pre-Columbian South America, they effectively studied archaeology of the entire region, but mostly from the literature, with no access to artifacts. At the same time, there were limitations in publishing in foreign languages and difficulties in organizing archaeological projects on the continent. 902/904 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.8 History of archaeology South America American studies in Russia Russian archaeologists Soviet Archaeology https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.8/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-96-117.pdf

RAR RUS 118-135 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Duganov Gleb gleb.doogie@gmail.com Dacha Area of the Coast of the Gulf of Finland as a Space of Cross-Cultural Relationship (1899–1914) Cross-cultural studies provide an important component of valid generalizations about human societies and rely on constant rethinking and reintegration with other branches of anthropology and the comparative social sciences. It is natural that the most striking examples of cross-cultural interactions took place in the border areas inhabited by citizens of neighboring states. In this context, the territory of the coast of the Gulf of Finland, which began to be built up with dachas in the second half of the 19th century and became popular among the inhabitants of St. Petersburg, is exceedingly remarkable. The close interaction of the Finnish and Russian populations fell on a period of political instability: the limitation of Finland's autonomy, the Revolution and the Civil War adjusted the nature of relations on the territory against the background of the formation of Finnish national identity. Despite certain difficulties and conflicts, Finland became an important place for the inhabitants of the capital of the Russian Empire, who began to consider the neighboring country and its culture not only as a resort, but also as a subject of study and popularization, which could not but affect the sources of personal origin, periodicals and guidebooks of the described period in Russian and Finnish. The article attempts to reconstruct cross-cultural ties in the dacha area on the basis of original sources and to determine the nature of the relationship of the region under study. The practical significance of the work is determined by the relevance of further study of dacha culture as part of the culture of everyday life; cultural heritage of various ethnic groups in the border areas, as well as the introduction into scientific circulation of Finnish-language material from periodicals, which is an important source for the study of cross-cultural influence. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.9 93/904 dacha settlements Finland cross-cultural studies St. Petersburg Karelian Isthmus interaction of cultures https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.9/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-118-135.pdf

RAR RUS 136-146 0000-0002-3252-6504 Ardahan University Ramazanova Shelale shramazan18@gmail.com The Individual and History in Novels about Turning Eras (G. Sand, I. Turgenev, R.N. Güntekin) The article aims to interpret symbolic romantic texts of French, Russian, and Turkish authors in a socio-cultural and historical-political context. The novels "Constable," "The Eve of the Revolution," and "The Little Prince-Singing Bird" are considered by the author as literary markers of historical crises, transitions, and cataclysms. The study focuses on the problems of the relationship between the individual and history in critical moments, the psychology of the heroine, her emotions and feelings. The article examines three peak novels about historical shifts, pivotal eras, societal crises, and their impact on the psychology and inner world of the characters. The problem of exceptional personality in the romantic interpretation of George Sand deserves special attention in terms of synthesizing traditions, using images and motifs of enlightenment literature. Special attention is paid to romantic poetics, the system of oppositions, the concept of the ideal, the opposition of the exceptional individual and the crowd. At the same time, the special realism of the image of Consuelo is noted, its connection with the natural origins of existence. The connection of George Sand's creativity with the traditions of Rousseau, Diderot, and Voltaire is traced. The development of ideas of emasculation and free impulses in Turgenev's novel "On the Eve" determines the search for typological parallels. The philosophical richness of the plot, the synthesis of social, contemporary and metaphysical beginnings is noted. In the image of Elena, visuality, perfection, excessive schematization, and ideologism are highlighted. An important component of the genre structure of the novel is the tragic nature that changes the direction of the plot, the priorities of the heroine, and leads to her self-sacrifice. At the beginning of the 20th century, a similar artistic solution to the ideological conflict was proposed by the Turkish writer Reshat Nuri Güntekin in the novel "The Singing Sparrow King." Attention is also focused on the emasculation of the heroine, who is in opposition to the conservative Muslim society, strictly following religious canons and life traditions. The fate of the heroine is analyzed in close connection with historical events, life tragedies, and crises. The comparison of the three novels allows for the detection of comparative-typological parallels, archetypal images and models, and socio-cultural context. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.10 82 historical crisis reception of tradition novelistic collision romantic poetics emancipation https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.10/ RvGM-26-(1)---ORIGINAL-MAKET-136-146.pdf

RAR RUS 147-158 ROZOVA ABABKOVA Eye Tracking as a Tool to Investigate Recognition of Historical Personalities by Different Age Groups Eye tracking is a new technique which adds a new dimension not only to marketing and communication research, but also to education, history, psychology and politics Its qualitatively new information is more reliable and detailed in contrast to the traditional research techniques. Facial recognition is crucial for everyday life. The article presents the results of a study related to the recognition of historical personalities by respondents of different age groups. Portraits of Russian and European emperors were selected as stimuli. The results of the eye tracking study were supplemented by a short survey. The gaze plots, the fixation duration, the total time of gaze fixation on the stimulus, the number of fixations were analyzed. The hypothesis about objective differences in the number of gaze fixation and the duration of fixations, the number of ant saccades during perception of the images of familiar historical personalities for the respondents from the different age groups was confirmed. During the process of recognition of familiar historical personalities respondents made shorter gaze fixations and faster gaze transitions from one part of the image to another. Peter the Great became the most recognizable historical figure among both older and younger respondents. The patterns of perception of familiar and unfamiliar historical figures were revealed. The main areas of interest of the respondents from the older age group were internal facial features, while the respondents of the younger age group studied both internal and external facial features of a historical figure. 10.48612/rg/RGW.26.11 001.891.5 innovative research method Russian and European historical figures face recognition gaze movement map perception pattern https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.11/ RvGM-26-(1)----ORIGINAL-MAKET-147-158.pdf

RAR RUS 159-167 Shenzhen University Wu Zihao wuzh915@foxmail.com Opportunities and Challenges in Malaysia's Economic and Trade Field in the Context of the Modern Eastern European Conflict Malaysia is a resource exporting country and one of the Southeast Asian countries with the best economic recovery after the COVID-19 epidemic. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine (from February, 2022) to the global supply chain system has brought a huge impact, countries have encountered varying degrees of impact. The focus of this article is the process of economic recovery in Malaysia under the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, defining the opportunities and challenge. This paper argues that the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has brought Malaysia considerable gains in the foreign trade sector and opportunities for the latter to seek a higher market position in the global industrial chain, it also offers the prospect of greater cooperation among Malaysia's major powers. But Malaysia also faces the challenges of internal economic governance, internal political turmoil and fierce great power competition. How to deal with the challenges will be an important topic for the future development of Malaysia's economy and trade. 10.48612/RG/RGW.26.12 332.1 economic recovery international market internal governance big country competition Malaysia https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2023.23.12/ RvGM-26-(1)----ORIGINAL-MAKET-159-167.pdf