Russia in the Global World

RAR RUS 7-17 AKSENOV 0000-0002-8604-7306 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Bogdanova Nadezhda vbogdanova@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

EUROSCEPTICISM AS A PROSPECT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GERMANY This article discusses the problem of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation in the framework of the the European Union sanctions policy against Russia and the phenomenon of "Euroscepticism" as a possible prospect for improving relations in the future. The particular attention is paid to the study of the term "Euroscepticism", its history and development as a response of European society certain layers, in particular German society, to the growing integration in Europe, which is extremely relevant. Nowadays, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation are loosing the possibilities of interaction due to the sanctions policy of the European Union directed against the Russian Federation. The political force in Germany that advocates for better relations with Russia is the party “Alternative for Germany”. The study describes the development of the bilateral dialogue between Germany and Russia before the so-called "Crimean events" of 2014, identifies the prerequisites for its deterioration and gives one of the prospects for the normalization of international relations between the two states, which is grounded on the growing influence of the Eurosceptic party "Alternative for Germany". The article also describes the development of European integration within the framework of the European Union, the stages of its formation. As a scientific novelty of this work, the study analyses the early Eurosceptic movements in Germany, the process of emergence and formation of the party “Alternative for German”. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the program of this party, which emphasizes the desire to settle the relations with the Russian Federation. The analysis of the political forces regulatin in Germany led to the conclusion that the party «Alternative for Germany» does not occupy a leading position in the state, but it has a significant impact on the society and on political decision-making process in the Parliament. Based on the above, the study raises a question whether the partnership between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Russian Federation is possible to be renewed in the event of Eurosceptics coming to power or an increase in the percentage of support. The authors analyzed the media materials and expert analysis, and it was concluded that the relations between the two states with Eurosceptics in power have the prospect of normalization. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.1 327 INTERGATION EUROSCEPTICISM POLITICAL PARTY ALTERNATIVE FOR GERMANY SANCTIONS BILATERAL DIALOGUE https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.1/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-7-17.pdf

RAR RUS 18-30 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-2545 BOSSOLO Surinkova THE ROLE OF ITALY AS THE MEDIATOR IN THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Italy is one of the founding nations of the EU, as well as one of its most influential economies, yet the Italian economic situation in the EU and the European itself is far from being stable. Moreover, the relations between Russia and EU are getting worse year by year. The paper describes the position of Italian government in Europe, highlights the relationship with Russia, and considers the role of Italian government as the mediator between Russia and the EU. If the Italian GDP is the third one in Europe, there is also a public debt close to 135% and, combined with the fact that more money is paid into the EU coffers than received, and that there is a strong lack of European sentiment. Due to this fact, it is difficult to speak about the united EU. This leads to anti-European protest movements in many parts of Italy. Following the 2019 European elections and the subsequent world health crisis, it has become increasingly clear that there is strong confusion about the role of Italy in Europe. The purpose of this work is to analyze the Italian economic-political situation in relations to the EU and discuss the Italian-Russian relations in the context the EU policy. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.2 327 RUSSIA ITALY EUROPE EUROPEAN UNION FOREIGN AFFAIRS FOREIGN POLITICS ECONOMY https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.2/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-18-30.pdf

RAR RUS 31-41 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-5557 Saint Petersburg State University Matveevskaya Anna a.matveevskaya@spbu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM: WORLD EXPERIENCE International tourism is one of the main types of international economic activity, a complex sphere that has a significant impact both on the structure and general situation in the world economy, and on the economies of most countries and the regions of the world. Tourist activity is an information-rich sphere. The relevance of the chosen topic is reinforced by the fact that in modern conditions, digitalization is becoming a factor that stimulates cooperation, expanding tourism opportunities, simplifying the interaction of tourists with workers in related fields, creating new formats of excursions, expanding opportunities for branding and urban tourism. The modern world is intensively managed by digital data, the amount of digital footprint left by users, is widely used in many sectors in order to increase competitiveness. The effectiveness of the tourist system directly depends on the information database and digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the use of digital technologies in tourism management. Big data requires innovative steps from the state, in particular, the unification of public and private technological companies for the development of the tourism sector. The study identified th eimportant types of data for the tourism industry, which include: inventory data, loyalty programs, booking data, user identification data, web analytics data, search data, tourist reviews. The article presents data on the use of digital technologies by the governments of UNWTO Member States at the national, regional and local levels. The case studies presented in the paper demonstrate the application of digital data to promote the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism destinations. Russia is also commited to the active use of digital technologies in practice, to increase competitiveness and reach the level of world leaders in the development of digital infrastructure. It is noted that in the world rankings on readiness to use information and communication technologies, the Russian Federation demonstrates world the average indicators, however, bypasses China and Brazil. The adopted program documents at the government level demonstrate the state's desire to develop the digitalization of Russian tourism. The practical experience of the countries considered in the article can be used by Russia in the organization of domestic and inbound tourism for the long term. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.3 327; 379.85 INTERNATIONAL TOURISM DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.3/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-31-41.pdf

RAR RUS 42-54 0000-0002-4160-0833 BYKOV THE PROCESS OF MUSLIM COMMUNITIES’ INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN SWEDEN . Due to the growing threat of Islamic fundamentalism and the increasing number of migrants and refugees professing Islam in recent decades, Swedish society is facing a problem of its own security. In this connection, the study of the history of the institutionalization of Muslim communities in Sweden is a priority, since understanding the processes that took place in the past will help to develop an effective policy of integration and adaptation of Muslims. The research uses the method of statistical analysis and content analysis, as well as the comparative historical method. The article examines the economic and social phenomena preceding migration. So the prerequisites for immigration to Sweden were: the great Swedish emigration to America and three waves of globalization. The process of institutionalization took place in several stages. The first stage was weakly expressed. The second stage began in the 1970s, when the first organizations were created in Sweden (the United Islamic Association of 1973 (FIFS)). The third stage began in the mid-1980s, when the first splits began to occur (Svenska Muslimska Förbundet (SMUF) 1982, Islamiska Centerunionen (ICU) 1984) and the number of Muslim associations grew, the organizations of Shiites, Bosniaks, etc. appeared. Today, the fourth stage is underway, which is characterized by the almost completed process of institutionalization. The Mosques, Muslim cemeteries, shops, etc. have been recently opened in the country. The following factors helped the institutionalization process: firstly, the sequence of migration waves, secondly, the assimilation migration policy, and thirdly, the system of financing religious organizations, the essence of which was the benefit of creating many local cultural organizations. The Muslim associations have also entered into a political struggle, which leads to creatieng parties and lobbying the interests of a cultural minority. The Muslims are the full members of society with their own institutions. In this connection, the process of archaization is observed in the society — this is a multifaceted process that cannot be talked about from a binary position. This social interaction creates a different sociocultural space in Sweden. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.4 325.2 SWEDEN EMIGRATION INSTITUTIONALIZATION MUSLIM MIGRANTS ISLAM ARCHAIZATION MADHHABS https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.4/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-42-54.pdf

RAR RUS 55-64 KOLESNIK GOLUBEVA AESTHETICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF GERMANY) This article analyzes the specifics of aesthetic and environmental education, as one of the most essential elements of the society’s educational system, which forms human self-consciousness and the development of the aesthetic and environmental culture in general. The basics of aesthetic and environmental education, its main goals and objectives are considered. The special attention is paid to the educational system of Germany. In order to study the correlation between the aesthetic and environmental components of the educational activities in the German society, the new models of classes that are practiced in the country are given as an example. In view of the need to redefine and reform the aesthetic and environmental component of the educational system as a whole, the consideration of the foreign experience in Germany, one of the leading countries in the modern international arena for the implementation of environmental projects, is the way to address the issues of introducing new ways of education at the present stage. The sphere of culture is becoming the means of resolving technological, political and social problems. The authors conclude by paying attention to the fact that the German professors were the first to demonstrate the following: the correlation between the aesthetic and environmental components in the education system is not just the education of “good taste”, but also an adaptation tool. The moral orientation of the individual, which is formed in the course of aesthetic education, is one of the most essential elements of education. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.5 3-37.01 AESTHETICS ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION GERMANY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM CULTURE https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.5/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-55-64.pdf

RAR RUS 65-81 6603404917 0000-0002-0095-8986 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Pogodin Sergey pogodin_sn@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-1638-4067 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Tuana Mustafa tuana_m@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-1200-2113 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Tuana Ekaterina tuana_en@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND THE RUSSIAN CULTURE IN TURKEY AT THE PRESENT STAGE In recent decades the Russian-Turkish relations have developed dramatically and acquiried the character of a multifaceted strategic partnership, which has a positive effect on the cultural and humanitarian cooperation between the two countries, in particular on the spread of the Russian language and Russian culture in the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this article is to study the degree of spread of the Russian language and Russian culture in Turkey at the present stage (1992-2022) from the standpoint of the modern language policy of the Russian Federation, pursued by the authorities and public institutions of the country. The study reflects the results obtained on the basis of the analysis of scientific works published over the past 10 years by Russian and Turkish authors devoted to the study of this issue, as well as the analysis and generalization of the data taken from the Russian and Turkish media, official websites of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey, the website of the Embassy of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Turkey. The article highlights and describes in detail two areas of activity of the Russian Federation in the dissemination of the Russian language and Russian culture: firstly the article describes the information and cultural support of compatriots permanently residing in the Republic of Turkey, secondly the paper emphasizes the dissemination and popularization of the Russian language, Russian culture and Russian education among the Turkish-speaking population. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the process of the Russian language spread, the popularization of the Russian culture and the promotion of the Russian education among the Turkish population at the present stage, due to the multifaceted strategic cooperation between Russia and Turkey will tend to develop rapidly in the long term. The Russian organizations, with the support of the Turkish government are carying out the large-scale activities to preserve the Russian linguistic and ethno-cultural identity of compatriots living in the territory of the Republic of Turkey, and also contribute to the development of ties between Russian-speaking youth and their historical homeland. The results of the study will be useful both for the teachers of Russian as a foreign language and for the specialists in the field of international relations. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.6 327 RUSSIAN-TURKISH COOPERATION RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN TURKEY RUSSIAN CULTURE CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.6/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-65-81.pdf

RAR RUS 82-90 0000-0003-3410-3430 Northeastern State University Ponkratova Irina ponkratova1@yandex.ru

Magadan, Russia

0000-0003-2441-7284 Lebedeva Lubov lebedeva.lubov.magadan@yandex.ru THE TRADITIONS OF TATTOOING AMONG THE PEOPLES OF NORTHERN PACIFICA IN THE ETHNOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS OF THE XIX  EARLY XX CENTURIES The tattoos are a vivid artistic form and expressive means of cultural, social identity of peoples. It is the earliest forms of art, and it is popular at the present time. The relevance of the topic is due to the continuing interest of a person in decorating his body by applying various signs on it - the drawings that have a certain meaning. The interest in this topic in the scientific community is great – the data has been introduced since the archaeological discoveries up to modern experiments. The origin, purpose and meaning of tattoos on the body of the peoples of the North Pacific remained out of researchers’ sight. The purpose of this study is to identify the features of tattoos among the peoples of Northern Pacific in the works of researchers of the XVIII - early XX centuries. In the study, we used ethnographic descriptions containing the information about tattoos obtained directly as a result of observing the peoples of the North Pacific, and interpretation that allowed us to understand their content. The source base consisted of the works of S. Krasheninnikov, Y. Lindenau, V. Bogoraz, V. Iokhelson, K. Merk, S. Rudenko, E. Orlova who studied the culture of the peoples of the North. It was revealed that the drawings on the body were intended both for protection from diseases, evil spirits, enemies, infertility, and for attractiveness. In some cases, tattoos were the signs of victory over the enemy. The main type of ornament are simple geometric figures, stylized anthropomorphic and zoomorphic elements took place. The methods of tattooing were "embroidery» puncture. Materials such as deer wool, coal, ash, animal fat and veins, fish and bird bones were used. The results obtained will help to understand the features of the material culture, determine the semantics of tattoos, and reconstruct the features of the Pacific region ancient population symbolic behavior. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.7 7.048/397 PACIFIC REGION HISTORICAL SOURCES TATTOO FUNCTIONS AND TYPE OF ORNAMENT METHODS OF DRAWINGS ON THE SKIN https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.7/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-82-90.pdf

RAR RUS 91-106 0000-0003-2315-1138 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Wang Juntao juntao2013@yandex.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

0000-0002-2132-9994 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Lyubina Daria lyubina_de@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

THE MAIN OBSTACLES TO DEEPENING ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “BELT AND ROAD” INITIATIVE The article analyzes the development of trade and economic cooperation between China and the EEU countries. The special attention is paid to the main obstacles to deepening economic and trade cooperation between China and the alliance countries. The authors conditionally divide them into external and internal barriers and describe them in detail in the article. The authors also considered the consequences of the entry into force of the «Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the EEU» in 2017. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development trends and identify the features of China's economic and trade relations with the EEU countries. Since the official establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union in early 2015, it has become the main topic of study for many researchers. The authors focus on the analysis of trade relations and trade prospects for the development of relations. China is the second largest foreign partner of the Eurasian Economic Union. The understanding of the EEU and China’s trade structure will have a certain impact on future trends in the development of trade between the two sides. The empirical research methods, the search and analysis of themass media information, the analysis and comparison of data, the methods of comparison and generalization were used in the work. The authors come to the conclusion that China's cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union is currently the main corridor for China to expand its export market. All five countries of the Union are important partners for China in the construction of ”The Belt and Road”. They have strong economic complementarity and the great potential for trade cooperation with China. In the context of “The Belt and Road” initiative, China should perceive the entry into force of the “Agreement” as an opportunity to continuously promote innovative mechanisms of economic and trade cooperation and increase the level of economic and trade cooperation with the countries of the alliance. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.8 327 CHINA RUSSIA CENTRAL ASIA EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION TRADE COOPERATION FOREIGN TRADE AGREEMENT https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.8/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-91-106.pdf

RAR RUS 107-116 0000-0002-4190-9478 OKTIABRSKAIA 0000-0002-7376-3434 MISSONOVA 0000-0002-1915-3862 NAUMOVA THE EXPERIENCE OF PREPARING AND PUBLISHING THE VOLUME “KAZAKHS” OF THE ACADEMIC SERIES “PEOPLES AND CULTURES”. THE METHODOLOGY AND THE INFORMATION FIELD OF THE PROJECT The volume "Kazakhs" is published in the series "Peoples and Cultures" of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its history began in 1989.The academic multi-volume series “Narody i Cultury” ("Peoples and Cultures") covers most of the peoples living on the territory of the CIS countries. One third of the volumes are devoted to the culture of the of the Turkic world peoples. The collective monographs are a comprehensive research description of the ethnic culture of peoples in its historical and modern forms. The information about the habitat, the ethnopolitical history of peoples, the dynamics of population, the development of economic activity, socio-normative and professional culture, the calendar and other vital customs and rituals are designed to expand the humanitarian knowledge about peoples and promote a tolerant perception of interethnic relations. A detailed conceptual description of the role of various states and ethnic self-determination in different time epochs makes it possible to show the identity (at the same time diversity) and historical unity of the described specific peoples with the surrounding ethnic communities of the CIS states.The volume "Kazakhs" is based on the methodology developed during the preparation of the series "Peoples and Cultures" and the strong ties between the scientific centers of Russia and Kazakhstan.The publication reflects the modern level of Kazakh studies and indicates the prospects of national integration in the field of humanities. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.9 39 THE VOLUME "KAZAKHS" ACADEMIC SERIES "PEOPLES AND CULTURES" NATIONAL SCHOOLS OF ETHNOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY SCIENTIFIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN RESEARCH METHODOLOGY https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.9/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-(1)-(1)-107-116.pdf

RAR RUS 117-125 0000-0001-8778-2495 SOLOVYEVA Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI Yagya talie2006@mai.ru THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF BRICS The article is devoted to the activities of the People’s Republic of China within the international integration grouping of the BRICS. The paper examines the history of the BRICS, identifies the reasons for China’s participation in it. It also explains the connection between the current policy of the People’s Republic of China and the activities of the BRICS. The importance of China’s active cooperation with grouping partners in the field of trade and investment policy, as well as in the field of humanitarian cooperation, is emphasized. The article identifies the main branches of China’s foreign trade with grouping partners. Statistical data on the level of China’s investment in partner countries shows that the People’s Republic of China is interested in BRICS cooperation. Moreover, the article describes the methods of application of soft force by China against BRICS integration partners. The special attention is paid to the role of China in the BRICS in the era of COVID-19. It was important to emphasize the positive dynamics in the development of diplomatic relations between the People’s Republic of China and the BRICS member countries in the process of joint activities. The authors conclude that China, as a leader among the BRICS member states, is actively cooperating with its partners. The BRICS is important for China, not only for strengthening the country’s economic performance, but also for introducing its own ideas in world politics. 10.48612/rg/RGW.22.10 339.9 CHINA INTEGRATIONAL GROUPING EXTERNAL TRADE HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION INVESTMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2022.19.10/ ORIGINAL-MAKET---RvGM-22(45)---2022---POSLEDNIY-VARIANT-S-DOI-117-125.pdf