2304-9472; e-ISSN: 2949-3501 21 2021 1-135

RAR RUS 7-16 NOVSKAYA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-0185 Nechai Aleksandra alimova_aa@spbstu.ru ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AT THE PRESENT STAGE The article presents the main factors, which influence the development of relations between Belarus and China in the field of trade, economic and investment cooperation. The article considers the legal basis of two countries cooperation, factors that play a favorable role in the development of relations, highlights the existing problems in these relations. Statistics allows tracing the dynamics of China's participation in the external economy of the Republic of Belarus. The authors come to the conclusion that despite the existing problems, such as the negative balance for Belarus, the Belarusian-Chinese relations have good prospects. Investment cooperation is developing most actively, within the framework of which The Great Stone Industrial Park forms a key part of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.1 (32) – 327 BELARUS; CHINA; BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE; SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT; TRADE-ECONOMIC COOPERATION; INVESTMENT COOPERATION; THE GREAT STONE PARK https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.1/ 1_ekonomicheskoe_sotrudnichestvo_ruspubliki_belarus_i_knr_na_sovremennom_etape_7_16.pdf

RAR RUS 17-31 6603404917 0000-0002-0095-8986 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Pogodin Sergey pogodin_sn@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

MIKAELYAN REGULATION OF IMMIGRATION FLOWS IN SPAIN EXPERIENCE FOR RUSSIA (EARLY XXI CENTURY) The issue of regulating immigration flows is relevant in the modern world. This is especially true for countries with developed economies and a high standard of living, as globalization contributes to more frequent migration movements from one country to another. Migration flows follow, as a rule, to large megacities, where, potentially, there is an opportunity for employment. Labor migration is also an important area for study, since the economic factor dictates its own conditions for the management and regulation of migration processes. This leads to the fact that production forces are unevenly distributed, which in turn leads to conflicts. The main conflict is due to the fact that migrants are ready to perform unskilled work, however, the local population hopes for high income, stable wages, but in reality - cheap migrant labor leads to lower wages. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.13 349.2. 3.331 EMIGRATION; SPANISH LABOR POLICY; IMMIGRATION FLOWS; INTEGRATION POLICY; IMMIGRANT’s RIGHTS https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.2/ 2_regulirovanie_immigracionnyh_potokov_v_ispanii_opyt_dlya_rossii_nachalo_21_veka_17_31.pdf

RAR RUS 32-42 SHTAPOVA MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA The article examines the features of interaction and modern trends in economic relations between China and the countries of Central Asia. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the implementation of China's foreign policy strategy in relation to the Central Asian region, as well as the activities of economic integration group - the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. In addition, the article highlights the main goal, main tasks, goals of interaction, as well as the structure of the SCO. A description of the Silk Road Economic Belt is given, which enables not only to develop, but also to strengthen economic cooperation by increasing the range of opportunities for interaction. A brief description is given of how stability and security is ensured in various fields of activity, which are supported by China and the countries of Central Asia, pooling their capacities and all their resources. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.14 327 CHINA; CENTRAL ASIA; INTEGRATION; SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION; COOPERATION; THREATS https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.3/ 3_sovremennye_tendencii_formirovaniya_ekonomicheskih_otnoshenij_kitaya_i_stran_central'noj_azii_32_42.pdf

RAR RUS 45-52 PESKOVA RUSSIAN SOCIETY'S ATTITUDE TO THE CHINESE SOCIAL RATING SYSTEM The article is devoted to the actively developing social rating system, which originates in the People's Republic of China. Its main goal is to ensure order and high moral education of citizens by assigning and deducting off rating points. In connection with the development of the system and the active dissemination of knowledge about it around the world, this system is in the interest of a huge number of countries. The article examines the attitude of ordinary citizens and representatives of the authorities to this system in modern Russia, since to a greater extent the importance of a positive or negative attitude of citizens and the state to new systems and technologies is a way to determine how quickly and effectively it will be possible to implement such innovation in use, and most importantly, whether such implementation is possible in Russia in principle. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.15 32.019.52 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA; SOCIAL RATING SYSTEM; RUSSIA; STATE; SOCIETY; MASS MEDIA https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.4/ 4_otnoshenie_rossijskogo_obshchestva_k_sisteme_socialnogo_rejtinga_kitaya_45_52.pdf

RAR RUS 53-64 YUSHKOVA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-5557 Saint Petersburg State University Matveevskaya Anna a.matveevskaya@spbu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA, CHINA AND USA Environmental policy is the main Mechanism that can influence environmental change and environmental protection. It is first developed at the global level by the joint efforts of the international community, and then at the state, regional, and local levels. The article provided a comparative analysis of the implementation of environmental policy methods on the example of Russia, China and the United States of America according to certain criteria: political and legal recognition, legalization, administrative and managerial implementation, problems of environmental policy and its results. Coordination within such large-scale countries as Russia, China and the United States has difficulties. A huge burden of responsibility falls on these countries, since it is these states that play a key role in global environmental policy. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.16 323; 574 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; RUSSIA; CHINA; USA https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.5/ 5_politicheskie_aspekty_ohrany_okruzhayushchej_sredy_na_primere_opyta_rossii_knr_i_ssha_53_64.pdf

RAR RUS 67-80 0000-0003-2315-1138 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Wang Juntao juntao2013@yandex.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

PECULIARITIES OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (HISTORICAL ASPECT) Purpose. This article examines the history of Chinese diplomacy, its characteristics, methods and their implementation, the stages of development of public diplomacy and their distinctive features, the main concepts and features of diplomacy at the present stage. Particular attention is paid to the tools used by the PRC to build up the country's "soft power", in particular public diplomacy. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation and the People's Republic of China public diplomacy promotion. Relevance. The increasing role of China in world politics and the economy is a subject of study all over the world. Throughout the existence of China, diplomacy has occupied an important place. Its foundations were laid in ancient times. Currently, China actively conducts cultural and educational exchanges, spreads its own culture and values, takes an active part in international projects and in global problems solution, and all this is a manifestation of China's public diplomacy and the concept of "peaceful elevation". Results. The author comes to the conclusion that the large-scale activities in the field of public diplomacy allowed China to make progress in raising the country's status in the world in a short time and removing the "Chinese threat theory" implications. The use of public diplomacy has become an important part of establishing friendly relations for the PRC. At the present stage, China has a well-formed pool of public diplomacy tools, which includes the active use of mass media, participation in international projects aimed at the positive image of the state creation, as well as the promotion of Chinese culture abroad. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.17 327 CHINA; PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA; COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA; DIPLOMACY TRADITIONAL DIPLOMACY; PUBLIC DIPLOMACY; SOFT POWER; PEACEFUL ATTITUDE; HARMONIOUS WORLD https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.6/ 6_osobennosti_publichnoj_diplomatii_knr_istoricheskij_aspekt_67_80.pdf

RAR RUS 81-91 KUTSOBA Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Kolesnikov Dmitry E. opettaja555@gmail.com THE POSITION OF SWEDISH LANGUAGE IN FINLAND (HISTORICAL ASPECT) The article touches upon the issue of the position of Swedish language throughout the history of Finland. Particular attention is paid to the process of changing the role of Swedish language in the social, political and cultural spheres of life in Finland. The article defines the reasons for the formation of Swedish as the language of power, culture and enlightenment during the period of Swedish rule over the Finno-Ugric lands. The reasons for the gradual weakening of Swedish language popularity and the development of Finnish language influence after the entry of Finland into the Russian Empire are substantiated. The role of Swedish language in the awakening and development of national identity in Finnish society is emphasized. The aspects influencing the current position of Swedish language in the Republic are considered. The authors come to the conclusion that the Swedish language preservation is a historical tradition that guarantees stability in society. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.18 394 FINNISH LANGUAGES; FINNISH HISTORY; SWEDISH; FINNISH SWEDISH; SVECOMAN MOVEMENT; MANDATORY SWEDISH https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.7/ 7_polozhenie_shvedskogo_yazyka_finlyandii_istoricheskij_aspekt_81_91.pdf

RAR RUS 92-104 PANTELEEVA CHEPEL’ RUSSIAN-GERMAN CONFRONTATION IN THE BALTIC REGION DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR The article examines the military and diplomatic confrontation between Russia and Germany in the Baltic region during the First World War. The relevance of the topic is due to insufficient study of this large-scale conflict in the Russian historiography. Germany and Russia initially adhered to defensive tactics in the Baltic region. The attempt of Admiral N.O. Essen the Russian Baltic Fleet Commander to begin active operations against the enemy was put down by the Russian military leadership. In 1914, at the initial stage of the war, Germany managed to isolate Russia from the Allies, interrupting Russian maritime communications in the Baltic Sea. From 1915, Germany intensified naval operations against Russia in the Baltic Sea. However, during the Gotland battle, the German navy suffered significant losses and was unable to acquire the Gulf of Riga. These failures forced the German Army to return to defensive tactics. The revolutionary events in Russia in 1917 contributed to the Russian fleet weakening, which Germany took advantage of. That very year, as a result of Riga operation and the Moonsund Battle Germany gained control of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. That event threatened Petrograd. However, under the Treaty of Brest, signed on 3 March, 1918, Soviet Russia withdrew from the war and the Russian-German confrontation in the Baltic region was over.  10.48612/rg/RGW.21.19 94(520).032.3 ADMIRAL N.O. ESSEN; BATTLE OF THE GOTLAND; OPERATION IN RIGA; THE BATTLE OF THE MOONSUND https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.8/ 8_rossijsko_germanskoe_protivostoyanie_v_baltijskom_regione_v_gody_pmv_92_104.pdf

RAR RUS 107-117 GURTOVA Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI Yagya talie2006@mai.ru GERMANY'S IMPLEMENTATION OF”SOFT POWER” IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE AND EDUCATION IN RUSSIA The article is devoted to German implementation of “soft power” in Russia in the field of culture and education. It examines the theoretical aspect of “soft power” creation and discusses a few practical activities. In addition, this article reveals the concepts of branding the country in the framework of “soft power”. The paper pays special attention to the most influential organizations operating in Russia within the framework of the studied sector, namely the Goethe Institute, the German Academic Exchange Service, the GermanRussian Youth Exchange Foundation, etc., as well as the regional work of the Foreign Ministry's Representative Offices. The authors consider that the relevance of the paper is connected with theoretical framework for branding in the context of “soft power”, and the importance of studying the achievements of “Brand Finance” the most significant British consulting company in the field. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.20 327.83 GERMANY; RUSSIA; SOFT POWER; JOSEPH NAI; POLITICS; FUNDS; INFLUENCE; CULTURE; EDUCATION https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.9/ 9_realizaciya_germaniej_myagkoj_sily_v_sfere_kultury_i_obrazovaniya_v_rossii_107_117.pdf

RAR RUS 118-129 SHMONOVA 0000-0002-8604-7306 Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Bogdanova Nadezhda vbogdanova@spbstu.ru

Saint Petersburg, Russia

PROMOTING THE GERMAN LANGUAGE AS A SOFT POWER TOOL FOR GERMAN'S FOREIGN POLICY This article is devoted to the study of the German language influence in the international arena and the way it spreads as a “soft power” of the German government. The paper focuses on the prospects for the development of economic, migration and educational processes through the activities of language centers and organizations. The article identifies the main reasons for German lagging behind English language in the international arena and identifies the ways to overcome it. It also examines the role of contemporary cultural organizations and their contribution to the development of German language. The analysis of German experience in this area is extremely relevant and of practical importance. In the course of the research, the works of domestic and foreign specialists studying the effectiveness of public organizations in the field of strengthening the role of German and the prospects of German language in the international arena were analyzed. The promotion of German language through the establishment of language centers and the branches of public funds in other countries, scholarships for students, postgraduates and teaching staff, school and student exchange programs is an effective tool of German foreign policy. 10.48612/rg/RGW.21.21 327 GERMAN LANGUAGE; SOFT POWER; FOREIGN POLICY; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS https://russiaglobal.spbstu.ru/article/2021.18.10/ 10_prodvizhenie_nemeckogo_yazyka_kak_instrumenta_myagkoj_sily_vneshnej_politiki_germanii_118_129.pdf