Since the “Belt and Road” strategy was proposed, Chinese universities have taken measures to strengthen international cooperation and exchange with countries and regions along the “Belt and Road”. The joint construction of “One Belt, One Road” requires not only hard connectivity in terms of economic development and infrastructure construction, but also soft connectivity in terms of cultural cooperation and exchange, talent training and technology exchange. Education is the foundation of national prosperity and the source of national rejuvenation. Especially, higher vocational education, as an important national education undertaking, shoulders a great responsibility to promote international cooperation and exchange. There are now both new opportunities and challenges for international exchange and cooperation in vocational education in China. However, the implementation of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative is aimed at developing new opportunities for higher education and vocational training. Communities need to overcome difficulties, actively implement programs and activities of international relations and cooperation in vocational education in order to achieve better interaction and communication between and within countries.