The article touches upon the issue of the position of Swedish language throughout the history of Finland. Particular attention is paid to the process of changing the role of Swedish language in the social, political and cultural spheres of life in Finland. The article defines the reasons for the formation of Swedish as the language of power, culture and enlightenment during the period of Swedish rule over the Finno-Ugric lands. The reasons for the gradual weakening of Swedish language popularity and the development of Finnish language influence after the entry of Finland into the Russian Empire are substantiated. The role of Swedish language in the awakening and development of national identity in Finnish society is emphasized. The aspects influencing the current position of Swedish language in the Republic are considered. The authors come to the conclusion that the Swedish language preservation is a historical tradition that guarantees stability in society.