This article deals with the movement for independence of Catalonia, in other words to Catalan separatism. The special attention is devoted to the reasons of nationalist and separatist sentiments in the region, to their historical prerequisites. Besides the main attention is focused by the author on the survey of November 2014 conducted in Catalonia instead of the planned referendum, and its importance both for Catalans and for Spanish people. In article one of the main task is the revelation of possible solutions of the Catalan problem, to analyze scenarios of development of Catalan separatism in Spain.