Introduction

Over the past decades, China's economy has been on steady rise, with the high productivity and improved quality of goods produced serving as the basis for the implementation of plan for the development of Chinese brands. For the PRC, a brand does not only symbolizes one's development and prestige, but also is an important way of showing economic development as well as shaping a positive image for PRC’s domestic brands. For a long time, the public's attitude towards Chinese products has always been cautious at least, if not pejorative. The phrase “Made in China” has often been used in a negative context when referring to Chinese goods. That definitely helped to shape the stereotype of cheap and low-quality Chinese products.

Many Chinese brands may face mistrust from consumers precisely because of the negative connotations associated with this phrase. In this regard, China has begun to actively attempt to eliminate this phrase. On May 10, 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping, while inspecting China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co. Ltd.  suggested “promoting the transformation from ‘Made in China’ to ‘Created in China’ from stereotypical rapid mass production to Chinese quality from Chinese goods and to prestigious and reliable Chinese brands”, which pointed the way for promoting the transformation and modernization of the country's industrial structure. Since 2017 May 10, of each year has been designated as “China Brand Day”[1].

In addition, a year later in 2015, China announced its proposed “Made in China 2025” strategy 中国制造 2025.[2]. This refers to a ten-year strategy aimed at rebranding China as a manufacturer of high-quality products so that it can remain competitive in the face of constant changes in the global economy; acquire the status of a high-end manufacturer, and solve the problem of rising production costs, which is particularly relevant for China. Most importantly, to get rid of the bad reputation of products made in China. “Made in China 2025” allows the government to influence the creation of innovations and new developments.[3]. In addition, this strategy also focuses on the development of new technologies in the field of high technology and electronics [4].

Founded in 1987, Huawei (华为) is a Chinese private technology company that focuses on the production of high-tech products, smart terminals, equipment, and communication technologies[5]. Since its founding in 1987, the company has grown over more than 30 years to become a mature global supplier of information and communications technology equipment and mobile phone manufacturer. Since 2010 Huawei has been listed among the world's top 500 companies for 10 consecutive years [6]. The company has carved out a niche in electronics, both in consumer appliances and in smartphones and technical developments. As of 2024, Huawei's business spans more than 170 countries and regions around the world providing services to a total of more than 300 000 people with foreign employees accounting for 70% of the total number of employees worldwide[7].

Huawei is currently China's largest manufacturer of communications equipment and electronics [8]. Huawei has captured a certain share of customers in the international market and the popularity of this brand's products is growing every year, but it has gained particular popularity in the Russian Federation. In addition, the Russian market has a good advantage in terms of geographical proximity, providing opportunities not only for fast delivery of goods, but also for potential cooperation between Chinese and Russian brands.

In this regard, it is particularly interesting to analyze the economic strategies used by Huawei and, in particular, the specifics of their implementation in the Russian market, which is the purpose of this article.

Methods, Materials and Discussion

This work uses general scientific methods and specific scientific methods: analysis, classification, comparison. The study and subsequent analysis of literature and documentary economic materials contributed to a more in-depth investigation.  The use of a comparative-descriptive method made it possible to compare data from various sources and financial reports of enterprises and draw relevant conclusions on the topic under study. This work is based on Huawei's financial statements for the period from 2020 to 2024[9].

Analysis of this information provides a deeper understanding of Huawei's business model and its competitive advantages. The paper examines various sections of these websites, including news, blogs, and case studies, to identify key information that will help interpret the results of the company's economic development strategies. First and foremost, the sources used in this paper are the brand's annual reports from 2020 to 2024 inclusive. To study the implementation of brand promotion in the Russian market, information from Huawei's official website was used[10]. The study also used data from various statistical websites, such as Tadviser, and financial statistics from reports, which made it possible to assess the effectiveness of introducing Chinese products into the Russian Federation. Previous researches on Huawei's economic strategies, brand promotion under "Made in China 2025" and Russian market entry include: Tsukanova (2020) analyzes Huawei's growth tactics in Russia amid challenges like sanctions [1]. Aksenov et al. (2023) examine China-Russia trade dynamics, emphasizing geopolitical impacts [2]. Marcato (2022) investigates "Made in China 2025" in global production networks, focusing on upgrading strategies [3]. This article contributes novelty by providing a post-2020-2024 empirical analysis of Huawei's adaptive strategies (e.g.; diversification; partnerships) during pandemic recovery, with specific focus on Russian market localization using updated financial data, absent in prior works.

Moving on to aspects of product promotion; we would like to start by noting that Huawei, like many other companies in the high-tech sector has certain economic strategies for promoting its brand and products in order to stimulate growth in popularity and thereby secure a stable niche in the global electronics market.

The company uses standard market entry methods such as strategies for growth, stabilization, and protecting its brand from losing profits and popularity. For China the Digital Silk Road [4] is an excellent opportunity to achieve the goals of these strategies, but Huawei also has its own unique characteristics for achieving market advancement.

It is worth starting with a number of traditional strategies that brands such as Huawei typically employ. Among these, the following are particularly noteworthy: segmentation of foreign markets, selection of target audiences, support for online sales channels, collection and dissemination of information about the current economic situation, and sponsorship and support of partners in regions of interest to the company.

In line with Huawei's global strategy, the European market is a key target market and different market competition strategies are selected for different countries [5].

Huawei also frequently uses the “4Ps”, which stands for Product, Price, Promotion, and Place (distribution) rule when it comes to promoting their products [11]. The essence of using the 4Ps is that the market is divided into hotel zones that the brand wants to influence. Thus, they are divided into.

The company has repeatedly emphasized its commitment to scientific research and innovation. This has contributed to the company's growth and enabled the brand to join the ranks of companies that are actively involved in the creation of new technological developments. On the page dedicated to research and innovative developments, the slogan mentioned is “Huawei insists on fundamental research; because every breakthrough is like a beacon in the dark that will create momentum for innovation and contribute to long-term growth in various business sectors” [12].

The brand pays special attention to its developments. The main focus of its innovation strategy is on modernizing customer service so that when using Huawei products, customers have access to the most advantageous and convenient services and goods[13].

Thanks to this strategy, Huawei has not only been able to attract customers and partners with its innovative developments [6], but has also achieved a number of accomplishments in the field of high technology[14].

The next frequently used promotion strategy is the distribution channel strategy [7]. According to this strategy, the company conducts most of its sales online supplementing them with offline sales. Huawei adhered to this tactic until it achieved a stable level of popularity, but over time, more and more offline points of sale for the brand's products began to appear.

The Huawei brand has become very popular abroad, attracting a large number of fans who are not only willing to support the brand financially, but also act as a tool for promoting its products. The commercials sparked heated discussion on social media. In addition; Huawei organized offline events, inviting users to try out the new features of Huawei mobile phones and encouraging them to share their photos. Overall Huawei’s marketing strategy in Russia can be described as complex initiative, including some peculiarities which are inextricably connected with traditions of marketing goods in China [8].

The company also used collaborations with celebrities to promote its products. Well-known personalities such as Gal Gadot, Lionel Messi, Henry Cavill, and Scarlett Johansson took part in the brand's advertising campaigns[15].

Implementation of Huawei’s Economic Strategies

Huawei is one of the companies that publishes its annual report on the company's activities in various areas of life every year. These reports provide an opportunity to analyze and evaluate the company's actions during a given period. First of all, it should be noted that due to the damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sanctions imposed on China at that time[16], the growth rate of Huawei as a company and brand has slowed down compared to previous years. Total revenue for 2020 amounted to 89.1 billion yuan [17].

The brand was able to achieve this result primarily through the implementation of appropriate brand policies and, of course, the selection of a range of strategies suitable for the company to stay afloat in an unstable market [9].

Throughout this period, the brand adhered to standard 4P strategies and focused on managing various sales channels and distribution strategies which allowed Huawei to control the flow of products on the market during an unstable period. In this regard, innovation also became one of the main strategies, allowing the company to work on new developments.

In terms of the general trend toward improving the use of technology in its operations, Huawei has become the first Chinese brand to initiate structural changes that form the hardware basis for building 5G networks and electrifying cars, which the company has begun working on[18].

As mentioned earlier, in 2020 [19] Huawei's sales revenue reached 891.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8% year-on-year; and net profit reached 64.6 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2% year-on-year. Huawei continues to maintain a high proportion of investment in R&D. In 2020 R&D expenditure amounted to 141;893 million yuan, accounting for 15.9% of total revenue[20].

At the end of 2020; the business was able to stabilize after the problems caused by the onset of the pandemic; with revenue reaching 302.621 billion yuan, up 0.2% year-on-year. Revenue from consumer business sales for the full year was 482.916 billion yuan, up 3.3% year-on-year, which is significantly lower than the 34% growth rate for the same period in the 2019 report [21].

Despite the restrictions, the brand still managed to maintain positive growth. The main reason is that although sales of Huawei smartphones declined, sales of non-mobile products. Including personal computers, tablets; and wearable smart devices grew by 65%, offsetting the decline in mobile phone sales. This can serve as an example of a crisis response strategy, as well as a “hungry marketing” strategy.

According to data from Huawei's industry center on global smartphone shipments, Huawei's smartphone shipments in 2020 totaled 189 million units down 21.5% from a year earlier, ranking third. In the corporate business sector, sales revenue reached 100.339 billion yuan an increase of 23.0% year-on-year.

Another frequently used strategy is partnership. As of the end of 2020 Huawei had more than 30 000 partners in the enterprise market, including more than 22 000 sales partners, more than 1 600 technical solution partners to improve its innovative technologies, more than 5 400 service and operation partners, and more than 1600 talent alliance partners more than 19 000 partners have joined the Huawei Cloud Partner Program. Huawei Cloud's share of the Chinese high-tech market has risen to second place.[22].

This year the brand also actively used BLT advertising, working directly with its target audience, thereby trying to provide them with the services they need and ensure the retention of its customer base in the future. There was a strong focus on improving Huawei Smart Life, including PCs, tablets, smart devices, and smart screens which was particularly relevant when working from home during lockdown. The ModelArts3.0 universal artificial intelligence development platform was launched. It also released the industry's first solution for calculating full lifecycle knowledge, which accelerated the adoption of industry artificial intelligence and enabled partners and developers to increase innovation and effectively leverage artificial intelligence capabilities for business operations [23].

According to Huawei's 2021 financial report, the company's revenue last year was 636.8 billion yuan down 28.6% from the previous year, marking the first time in nearly a decade that revenue growth has been negative. Net profit, on the other hand was 113.7 billion yuan, reversing the trend and increasing by 75.9% mainly due to the net profit from the sale of two large companies: Glory and Super Fusion. [24].

Looking at the company's investment level, it is immediately apparent that Huawei prioritized its innovation strategy. Investments in research for 2021 amounted to 142.7 billion yuan, which is 0.5% more than in 2020 [25]. In addition, the company conducted numerous studies in the mining industry that same year and contributed to the improvement of China's mining industry [26].

The company's revenue declined due to the unexpected global crisis and a sharp change in the company's economic priorities, forcing the company to resort to an anti-crisis strategy. The priorities for the brand here were to use it to improve its financial performance and rehabilitate its market position [10]. For example, it is worth noting that the annual report shows that in 2021, Huawei received 60.797 billion yuan in “other net income and expenses.” The annual report also listed the company's various “other net income and expenses” for the COVID period, which include a net profit of 57.431 billion yuan from the sale of subsidiaries and enterprises [27]. In order to implement its anti-crisis strategy and diversification, the brand actively cooperated with its partners in the coal mining sector. This step allowed the company to carry out an intellectual transformation of the brand, as well as expand its research in this industry [28]. In 2021 as part of these strategies, Huawei Intelligent Mine Solution was launched [29]. Thanks to this the company has been successful in promoting its products for the modernization of mines using new unmanned developments and 5G technology has reduced the brand's economic risk in the market.

Entering new industries allowed Huawei to confirm the effectiveness of its strategies, which determined its motivation for 2022. In 2022 Huawei still faced challenges related to US sanctions and disruptions in the global supply chain, but implemented innovative marketing and economic strategies to maintain growth. Due to declining sales of the brand's electronics the company decided to focus on another area of activity. The brand continued to actively work on its servers and platforms; such as Huawei Cloud[30].

Also, in 2022, in connection with its focus on the domestic market, the company successfully implemented a strategy to reposition its products and brand image as more technically advanced[31]. Thus, a new version of their operating system, HarmonyOS 3, was released. Thanks to the focus on the domestic market, the number of mobile users of the brand's networks and products has grown compared to last year. Strengthening its position in China and positive trends in the brand's marketing behavior in the domestic market have demonstrated an almost complete recovery of the indicators that were lost due to the pandemic[32]. 

Another strategy employed was that of partnership. Establishing strong partnerships with various Chinese and international information and communication companies has enabled the brand to increase its influence abroad. As part of the partnership strategy, Huawei and ROOTCLOUD were able to establish cooperation, which allowed the company to increase its influence in Indonesia[33]. An adaptive marketing strategy was implemented in the Russian market due to reduced competition following the departure of a number of brands from the country. The brand conducted a series of events and focused on Russian users and their needs. Unfortunately, despite all efforts, the company faced a significant decline in profits in 2022[34].

Despite the fact that Huawei was still recovering from the pandemic crisis and the difficult economic and social situation in China, the brand put up a good fight against most of the problems the company faced.

After overcoming the post-COVID crisis, the last two years have been very significant for Huawei. Reports for both years clearly show Huawei's continuous work on various technical innovations.

During this period, Huawei has actively continued to work on its developments in artificial intelligence. One example is the introduction of AI into its information and communication technologies. This has allowed the company to improve its corporate services and customer service[35].

In the context of continuous development, starting in 2023, the company resorted to implementing a new economic strategy in its corporate plans. Since diversification involves focusing on new areas and directions of activity, Huawei decided to enter a niche market, thereby not only implementing its plans but also emphasizing a new group of potential buyers. The launch of its new Ultimate Design concept and a range of premium products allowed the company to focus on working with a wealthy audience, which in turn raised the brand's prestige in the market.

Environmental initiatives within the partnership strategy also remain relevant to the company's economic initiative[36]. As part of this green strategy, work continued on providing technological equipment to business partners in the industry. Other environmental initiatives included charging electric vehicles using solar energy, using liquid cooling for vehicles manufactured in-house, and more environmentally friendly production methods[37].

Updating and modernizing its sales and distribution channels helped the company recover after a decline in profits in previous years. The brand's growth prospects also began to look optimistic after the opening of 60 000 new retail outlets and the introduction of a new global online space for its customers[38]. Huawei introduced its first optical service unit (OSU) an extension of Huawei Cloud through the implementation of wide area network[39]. In addition, the brand has released a number of routers that facilitate cloud operations and intelligently equip service capabilities on its online platforms[40]. 

According to statistics, the brand's performance in 2023 shows a growing trend. Huawei's profit growth for this year was almost twice that of 2022. The company's net profit was 87 billion yuan, which is 144% higher than last year's result[41].

Building on its success in 2023, Huawei did not make any radical changes to its business policy and continued to effectively implement its economic strategies. First and foremost, in 2024, the company focused on improving the quality of its products and services[42]. This year, the brand's priority has been to focus on its product. Using a hybrid strategy combining innovation and product strategy, the company has begun efforts to maintain its leadership and competitiveness in domestic and global markets. First and foremost, Huawei has once again placed its bets on investment in R&D. In 2024, Huawei will invest 179.7 billion Chinese yuan in R&D, which is 20.8% of its annual revenue[43]. In 2024, the innovation strategy was aimed at expanding artificial intelligence to broader areas of industry, such as gas and oil [44].

One of the company's priorities for this year was the global electronics market. In this regard, financial strategy was actively pursued to enable the brand to assess its level of internationalization and its resource security, especially after the pandemic. In this regard, the brand also implemented a product strategy and pricing strategy to consider the potential level of profit that the company could obtain if the implementation of these strategies was successful[45]. Due to the modernization of the company's offerings, its customer base, number of gadgets and number of active users are constantly growing. By 2024, the number of active devices from Huawei Technologies Co. reached 900 million[46]. Innovations in software have also led to an increase in sales of smartphones and other electronics produced by the brand. Sales figures significantly exceeded those of previous years, growing by 72% in just the first five months of 2024[47].

In addition, the pricing policy was changed. The new pricing strategy involved considering the following factors: product quality, brand image in China, brand image in the international arena, technological innovation of products, cost-effectiveness of R&D investments, purchasing power of potential customers, and the use of an adaptive marketing strategy to analyze the market environment, considering regional market differences in order to make the product more exclusive for a particular audience.

Peculiarities of Huawei’s activities on Russian market

In order to establish a solid foothold in the Russian electronics market, companies used not only the tools and strategies listed above, but also had to adapt to the specifics of the region and country whose market they were trying to enter.

In order to increase sales and analyze the product strategy for specific Huawei products on the Russian market, this section will examine several points of view.

The most famous series of Huawei mobile phones, the Mate series and the P series, release new products yearly [48]. Generally, Huawei's P series products are launched on the market during the first half of each year, while Mate series products are released in the second half of each year. Huawei stands that this shows the growth and development of the industry[49]. At different stages of the product lifecycle, consumers receive notifications via email, phone, or online news, which increases the predictability of the product lifecycle for consumers and allows Huawei to release new products at a steady pace.

The company pays a lot of attention to the design of its products so that they are not only functional but also pleasing to the eye for consumers. For example, the white color associates with such benign traits as reliability and honesty, which is clearly taken into consideration by Huawei. In addition, from a fashion perspective, white is one of the most popular colors for accessories and technology as it is very versatile[50].

The promotion strategy of multinational enterprises refers to the strategy of promoting enterprises through various targeted advertising campaigns in the process of transnational activities[51].

In the process of internationalizing the company in the Russian market, Huawei actively promoted its brand image, placed advertisements, carried out marketing activities, collaborated with Russian celebrities, and participated in technology forums and conferences in Russia. For example, shortly after the lifting of COVID restrictions, the company was able to attend Hydra 2022. Offline Day in St. Petersburg, Teaching Information Technology in the Russian Federation. IT Education – 2022, CIPR 2022, and many other events [52]. In addition, media and social media coverage of the company's activities and online distribution of its products create a basis for successful interaction with potential customers [11]. Huawei has also launched other digital economy cooperation projects between Chinese companies such as Alibaba Group and Xiaomi, and Russian companies including Mail.ru Group, MegaFon, and MTS[53].

The Huawei brand often uses its social media accounts to promote its products, for example, on its Instagram profile [54],[55]. Having thoroughly familiarized itself with the main group of consumers of its products, the company is able to analyze in which regions it will be more profitable to place certain new products, promotions and offers, while feedback from customers helps to track the level of competition and audience engagement in purchasing goods.

At present, the company has a good chance of increasing its integration rate and resolving issues related to same-type brand competition and technical standard trade barriers.

Huawei has already got its niche on the Russian mobile phone market. Now, it cannot simply focus on it, the company is also beginning to enter other areas of the Russian market, e.g. household appliances. For them it seems more reasonable to raise standards, than simply getting bigger profits. This approach to the Russian market not only allows Huawei to produce more high-end products; but also gives it the opportunity for future improvement.

In Russia, the company successfully used the “4P” method to analyze the market from four perspectives: product strategy, pricing strategy, customer base strategy, and promotion strategy. In the process of expanding the Russian market Huawei successfully mastered the Russian market thanks to a combination of high-end product lines, pricing strategy, and direct and indirect customer engagement strategies.

The company puts forward marketing strategy proposals in line with the market environment from three aspects: creating brand advantage, technological innovation, and marketing strategy. In the process of expanding into the Russian market, Huawei needs to focus on increasing brand awareness, improving brand recognition, and enhancing product quality, as well as creating brand advantages. The other thins of great importance are increasing investment in innovation and the development of high-quality new products are important priorities that Huawei needs to address [12].

In terms of marketing strategy, differentiating your products from competitors and establishing sales and business standards for your brand in a given region can take a long time, but it will prove effective and allow the brand to finally gain a foothold in the market.

Another distinctive feature of the company in Russia is the brand's relationship with its staff and its healthy approach to the distribution of labor. For example, the company has allowed a 50% reduction in the number of people working offline without reducing salaries, and also uses outsourcing methods, collaborating with other workers outside the company. The company has also collaborated with a number of well-known Russian personalities for advertising campaigns for its products. For example, Huawei posted a video on YouTube in which actress A. Bortich advertised the Huawei nova 3 [56]. This advertisement focused on the visual aspect of the smartphone, the color of the case, and the presence of four cameras for “incredible” photos. Professor A. A. Pisarev of the Moscow State Conservatory named after P. I. Tchaikovsky tests Huawei FreeBuds 4 wireless headphones[57].

When discussing the effectiveness of the methods used by Huawei, the following can be said. The strategies, methods, and tools used by the company have proven to be effective and have been in use for many years. Undoubtedly, thanks to decades of hard work, Huawei has become one of the world's leading suppliers of communications equipment. In addition, due to the blocking of a number of social networks in the Russian Federation, it is recommended to focus on promotion in Russian social networks and reduce the percentage of brand promotion in banned media spaces.

Results

Huawei's economic strategies from 2020-2024 demonstrated adaptability in navigating global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and U.S. sanctions. Financial trends showed initial stability with modest revenue growth in 2020, a sharp decline in 2021, stabilization in 2022, and robust recovery by 2023–2024, with net profits surging and revenue exceeding pre-crisis levels. R&D investments consistently high at 15–22% of revenue fueled technological advancements.

Core strategies, including the 4Ps framework, innovation, diversification, partnerships, and anti-crisis measures proved effective. Innovation drove breakthroughs in AI, 5G, and operating systems, expanding partnerships to over 30 000 globally. Diversification into sectors like mining, and cloud services mitigated risks in consumer electronics, while anti-crisis tactics stabilized supply chains and sales channels.

In Russia, tailored approaches such as product localization, celebrity endorsements, and event participation enhanced market share in mobiles and appliances, leveraging partnerships with local firms for digital integration amid reduced competition.

Overall, these strategies not only facilitated Huawei's recovery but also reinforced its global competitiveness, highlighting the value of innovation and adaptability in volatile markets.

Conclusion

Thus, based on the analysis, it can be concluded that Huawei has enormous resources and potential for promotion in the Russian market, using its familiar process of entering another country. However, there are still a number of issues that need to be refined and adjusted in order for the brand to maintain its status and profits from Russian buyers.

In addition to the main promotion channels, Huawei was able to modernize and diversify its economic strategies between 2020 and 2024. The main strategy for this period was anti-crisis. The company's priority was to restore its profit level and other economic indicators that had fallen due to the pandemic.

Based on the goals of implementing its anti-crisis strategy, the company then resorted to other economic strategies, depending on the market and financial situation. Thus, the focus on the customer base was shifted by an innovation strategy, which together with diversification, contributed to the smooth recovery of the brand and its performance. By expanding its sphere of influence to the medical and environmental sectors, the company also managed to implement a partnership strategy even in conditions of closed borders. Huawei's developments in the mining and digital sectors allowed them to acquire new partnerships and, thus, assess the demand for their brand and products outside China in the territories of interest to them. In the process of expansion, Huawei has successfully entered the Russian market thanks to a combination of high-end product lines, affordable prices and a focus on Russian consumers.

[1] Цзоу хао пиньпай цзяньшэ чжи лу сицзиньпин чжэян бо хуа 走好品牌建设之路 习近平这样擘画 [Си Цзиньпин намечает путь развития бренда]: [сайт]. URL: https://www.12371.cn/2021/05/10/ ARTI1620628265306784.shtml (дата обращения: 29.09.2025).

[2] Чжунго чжицзао 2025 чжундянь линюй цзишу лусянь ту «中国制造2025» 重点领域技术路线图 [Технологическая дорожная карта для ключевых областей программы Made in China 2025] // Гоцзя чжицзао цянго цзяньшэ чжаньлюэ цзысюнь вэйюаньхуэй (хой) 国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会 [Стратегический консультативный комитет по созданию производственной державы], 2015. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.cae.cn/cae/html/files/2015-10/29/20151029105822561730637.pdf (дата обращения: 29.09.2025).

[3] Чжунго чжицзао 2025 чжундянь линюй цзишу лусянь ту «中国制造2025» 重点领域技术路线图 [Технологическая дорожная карта для ключевых областей программы Made in China 2025] // Гоцзя чжицзао цянго цзяньшэ чжаньлюэ цзысюнь вэйюаньхуэй (хой) 国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会 [Стратегический консультативный комитет по созданию производственной державы], 2015. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.cae.cn/cae/html/files/2015-10/29/20151029105822561730637.pdf (дата обращения: 29.09.2025).

[4] Ibid.

[5] Who is Huawei // Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/corporate-information (дата обращения: 01.09.2025).

[6] Fortune Global 500 // Fortune: [сайт]. URL: https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ (дата обращения: 07.09.2025).

[7] Официальный сайт Huawei в России: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/ (дата обращения: 01.09.2025).

[8] Лучшие китайские бренды электроники. Huawei; Xiaomi; Bytedance и OnePlus возглавили рейтинг лучших китайских брендов // iXBT.com: [сайт]. URL: https://www.ixbt.com/news/2020/07/17/huawei-xiaomi-bytedance-oneplus.html#:~:text=Huawei (дата обращения: 01.09.2025).

[9] Официальный сайт Huawei в России: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/ (дата обращения: 17.10.2025).

[10] Официальный сайт Huawei в России: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/ (дата обращения: 17.10.2025).

[11] 4P маркетинга – что это такое? // vc.ru: [сайт]. URL: https://vc.ru/s/productstar/134189-4p-marketinga-chto-eto-takoe (дата обращения: 15.09.2025).

[12] Research & Innovation // Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/corporate-information/research-development (дата обращения: 01.09.2025).

[13] Ibid.

[14] Ibid.

[15] Huawei taps Hollywood Stars to Promote its Latest Smartphone. 08.04.2016 // Marketing-Interactive: [сайт]. URL: https://www.marketing-interactive.com/huawei-taps-hollywood-stars-promote-latest-smartphone (дата обращения: 17.09.2025) (дата обращения: 17.09.2025).

[16] Цзишу чжань шэнцзи мэй чжэнфу чэсяо хуавэй гун хо сюйкэ 技术战升级 美政府撤销华为供货许可 [Технологическая война обостряется: правительство США отзывает лицензию на поставки у Huawei] 08.05.2024 // Deutsche Welle: [сайт]. URL: https://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%98%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7-%E7%BE%8E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA%E4%BE%9B%E8%B4%A7%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF/a-69025084 (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[17] Финансовые показатели Huawei. 01.04.2025 // TADVISER: [сайт]. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Финансовые_показатели_Huawei (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[18] Годовой отчёт за 2020 год. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd.: [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/annual-report/ (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[19] Ibid.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Годовой отчёт за 2020 год. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd.: [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/annual-report/ (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[22] 2021 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www-file.huawei.com/minisite/media/annual_report/annual_report_2021_en.pdf?version=0401 (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[23] Хуавэй 2020 нянь ецзи чулу; шуцзыхуа чжинэн хуа дай лай хане синь цзиюй 华为 2020 年业绩出炉，数字化智能化带来行业新机遇 [Опубликованы результаты деятельности Huawei за 2020 год; а цифровизация и интеллект открывают новые возможности для отрасли]. 06.04.2021: [сайт]. URL: https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202104061481531793_1 (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[24] 2021 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www-file.huawei.com/minisite/media/annual_report/annual_report_2021_en.pdf?version=0401 (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[25] Финансовые показатели Huawei 01.04.2025 // TADVISER: [сайт]. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Финансовые_показатели_Huawei (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[26] Жэнь Чжэнфэй; основатель Huawei: «Мы выживем; даже не полагаясь на продажи телефонов». 18.02.2021 // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/news/zhen-chzhenfey-osnovatel-huawei-my-vyzhivem-dazhe-ne-polagayas-na-prodazhi-telefonov/ (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[27] 2021 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www-file.huawei.com/minisite/media/annual_report/annual_report_2021_en.pdf?version=0401 (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[28] Technology against Pandemic: Insights and Practice on Telecom Networks White Paper // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://carrier.huawei.com/en/technical-topics/fixed-network/Anti-epidemic-technology (дата обращения: 17.09.2025).

[29] Mining and Smelting Digital and Intelligent Enablement Stimulates New Momentum in the Resource Industry // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://e.huawei.com/sa/industries/mining (дата обращения: 11.09.2025).

[30] 2022 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2022 (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[31] Го Пин; Huawei: Реорганизация технологической парадигмы в трех областях с целью обеспечения среднесрочной и долгосрочной конкурентоспособности. 02.03.2022 // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/uz/news/uz/2022/go-pin-huawei-reorganizatsiya-tekhnologicheskoy-paradigmy-v-trekh-oblastyakh-s-tselyu-obespecheniya (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[32] 2022 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2022 (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[33] ROOTCLOUD's Collaboration with Huawei in the Huawei Cloud Indonesia Summit 2022 // Официальный сайт Rootech: [сайт]. URL: https://en.rootcloud.com/resources/events/8.html (дата обращения: 22.09.2025).

[34]Финансовые показатели Huawei. 01.04.2025 // TADVISER: [сайт]. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Финансовые_показатели_Huawei (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[35] 2023 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2023 (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[36] Ibid.

[37] Ibid.

[38] Ibid.

[39] HNS 2023 | Huawei's Intelligent Cloud WAN Accelerates New Enterprise Development. 27.10.2023 // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://e.huawei.com/eu/news/2023/eu/hns2023-huawei-intelligent-cloud-wan (дата обращения: 11.09.2025).

[40] MWC 2023: Huawei Launches Innovative Simplified Network and Data Center Solutions for the Intelligent World. 28.02.2023 // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2023/2/mwc2023-industry-digital-transformation (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[41] Финансовые показатели Huawei. 01.04.2025 // TADVISER: [сайт]. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Финансовые_показатели_Huawei (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[42] 2024 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2024 (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[43] Ibid.

[44] Building large AI models best suited to industry needs // Официальный сайт Huawei: [сайт]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/media-center/transform/15-5/04-building-large-ai-models-best-suited-to-industry-needs (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[45] 2024 Annual Report. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.com/en/annual-report/2024 (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[46] Ibid.

[47] Финансовые показатели Huawei. 01.04.2025 // TADVISER: [сайт]. URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Статья:Финансовые_показатели_Huawei (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[48] Годовой отчёт за 2019 год. Huawei Investment & Holding Co.; Ltd. [эл. доступ]. URL: https://www.huawei.ru/annual-report/ (дата обращения 20.09.2025).

[49] Там же.

[50] Значение цветов в дизайне логотипа и как выбрать собственный цвет логотипа // MY BRAND NEW LOGO: [сайт]. URL: https://mybrandnewlogo.com/ru/metodicheskie-rekomendacii/znachenie-cvetov-v-dizaine-logotipa (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[51] Инструменты и методы продвижения бренда // spravochnick.ru: [сайт]. URL: https://spravochnick.ru/reklama_i_pr/brending/instrumenty_i_metody_prodvizheniya_brenda/ (дата обращения: 20.09.2025).

[52] Huawei: Прошедшие мероприятия Huawei // ICT2GO: [сайт]. URL: https://ict2go.ru/companies/8/ (дата обращения: 17.09.2025).

[53] China-Russia sci-tech collaboration shows 'strong momentum'. 20.03.2023 // CGTN: [сайт]. URL: https://news.cgtn.com/news/2023-03-20/China-Russia-sci-tech-collaboration-shows-strong-momentum--1ijPOOmC4Jq/index.html (дата обращения: 17.09.2025).

[54] Разработчик – компания Meta признана экстремистской; Instagram запрещен на территории Российской Федерации

[55] Huawei Mobile: [сайт]. URL: https://www.instagram.com/huaweimobile/ (дата обращения: 14.09.2025).

[56] Huawei nova 3 в «Связном» с Александрой Бортич. 28.08.2018 // Яндекс Дзен: [сайт]. URL: https://dzen.ru/media/kompas/huawei-nova-3-v-sviaznom-s-aleksandroi-bortich-5b8595f7ecb00d00aa4a3dd9?utm_referer=www.google.com (дата обращения: 17.09.2025).

[57] Московская государственная консерватория имени П.И.Чайковского и Huawei FreeBuds 4. Рекламный ролик Huawei Mobile Russia. 20.12.2021. // Youtube: [сайт]. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdBu7qbo6XM&list=LL&index=4&ab_channel=HUAWEIMoblieRussia (дата обращения 17.09.2025).