The proposed article examines the features of external migration in the Russian Federation at the present stage, with a focus on current challenges and mechanisms for their regulation. The study presents expert opinions, regulatory documents, and statistical data aimed at identifying key trends and challenges facing the country's migration policy. Analyzing definitions of migration in scientific literature is crucial for understanding various aspects of migration processes. The primary focus is on analyzing the specific factors that make Russia attractive for migration, driven by both economic and social factors; issues of social integration of migrants; legal regulation of migration flows; and the impact of external migration on Russia's economic development. The article discusses existing regulatory mechanisms for controlling migration flows, highlighting both their strengths and weaknesses. The results emphasize the need to revise key aspects of Russia's immigration policy to enhance the economic level of its most vulnerable regions and strengthen cooperation with post-Soviet countries and China. The article offers recommendations for improving migration policy aimed at ensuring sustainable socio-economic development and enhancing national security.