In article on the basis of the analysis of the historical experience of the Arctic exploration, combat operations and exercises in Northern conditions analyzes the main factors affecting the morale of military units and divisions when operating in the conditions of Russia's Arctic zone. It is shown that the greatest influence on the psyche of soldiers have factors of climatic and physiographic character: low air temperatures, storms with strong winds, blinding effect of the snow cover, significant restriction of visibility (low clouds, fog, snow, rain, etc.), exposure to insects, the absence of the regular shift of the day or night, the influence of polar night on the psyche, the low permeability of the terrain, a weak protective properties of the terrain, difficulty orienting, the sparse population of the area, the possibility of meeting wild animals, instability and limited radio communications. Given the historical examples, showing the impact of these factors and ways to neutralize them.