The article examines the question of the chronological framework of the history of development of Russian science. In the opinion of the author, 1914-the year is truly a turning point for her. Appeal to him as to the boundary of the chronological framework of the study can let the historian not only to depart from historiographical clichés, but to look at the problem is really complex. It is often necessary to show the continuity of post-revolutionary science with pre-revolutionary, to refuse from adopted in the historiography of the date 1917, and to move border of the study. Moreover, with the outbreak of the First World War started working mechanisms of the relationship of science and government which continuing throughout the 1920s.