The question of language – an important part of the ideology of Ukrainophilism XIX century, which in general corresponds to the teachings of regionalism. The article looks at the example of M.Р. Dragomanova and B.A. Kistyakovsky considered in relation to the ideologues Ukrainophilism to Russian, Ukrainian languages and perspectives of all-Russian language. Transformation of teaching Ukrainophiles walked in the direction of the all-Russian refusal of language and culture, recognition of exclusivity and uniqueness of the Ukrainian language and culture, as well as the marginalization of the Russian language. As an alternative point of view is the opinion of P.B. Struve expressed in the early twentieth century in controversy with BA Kistiakovsky. In Ukrainophilism XIX century laid the foundation for the subsequent confrontational ideology, ethnic and cultural principles of constructivism and justified the practice of repression of the Russian language in the area of cultural alienation.